Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri

bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

Pseudomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas cynarae pv. gardneri, Xanthomonas gardneri

Africa: Comoros, Ethiopia, Reunion, South Africa, Tanzania; Asia: Iran, Malaysia; Europe: Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Russia; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia; South America: Brazil.

IL, IN, MI, OH, PA

2025-04-23

bacteria

Peru

pepper, tomato

XANTPF

Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper was initially attributed to X. vesicatoria. Over time, four distinct groups were identified and associated with different host and geographic patterns, which were later reclassified into three species: X. euvesicatoria (including X. perforans), X. vesicatoria, and X. hortorum pv. gardneri. It can spread via infected seeds and transplants, and locally through water splash or contaminated tools, especially in dense greenhouse or sprinkler-irrigated field conditions.