Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
bacterial wilt of dry beans
Bacterium flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens, Phytomonas flaccumfacien, Pseudomonas flaccumfaciens
Africa: Maurtius, Tunisia, Zambia; Asia: Iran, Turkey; Europe: Belgium, Russia; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia; South America: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela.
CO, CT, ID, IA, MI, MT, NE, ND, OH, OR, VA, WI, WY.
2024-11-21
bacteria
EU
Main: Fabaceae family primarily common bean.
CORBFL
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) is a seedborne pathogen that is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine pathogens by EPPO. It can overwinter in plant debris and in weeds. Root damage caused by infections from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita has been shown to facilitate the entry of pathogens into host plants. The bacterium can multiply quickly in hot and humid weather. Infection is not as visible in temperate climates, therefore lab tests need to be done to confirm infection.
5 Known Hosts
Glycine max
soybean
Yes
CORBFL-3, CORBFL-5, CORBFL-7, CORBFL-9, CABI CPC, CORBFL-4, EPPO, CORBFL-15, CORBFL-16, CORBFL-17, CORBFL-22, CORBFL-25
Seed as a pathway is well established.
yes
Dilution plating, PCR
USDA is working with the EU to share protocol on the testing methods. The current protocol is similar to NSHS 4.3.
CORBFL-2, CORBFL-3, CORBFL-6, CORBFL-9, CABI CPC, NSHS USDA, CORBFL-17
cultural
The use of clean seed is the most effective method to prevent spread. Field inspection appears to be inadequate to detect Cff. Weeds, volunteer plants, and plant debris should be removed. There are no effective seed treatments against cff.
CABI CPC, EPPO, CORBFL-17
2024-12-11 09:32:09
Dunleavy JM, 1986. Effect of temperature on systemic spread of tan spot of soybean from seed to unifoliate leaves. Phytopathology 76:1079 ;
CORBFL-4,Dunleavy JM, 1988. Bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases affecting soybean leaves. In: Wyllie TD, Scott DH, eds. Soybean Diseases of the North Central Region. St. Paul, USA: American Phytopathological Society, 40-46.
Schuster ML and Smith CC, 1983. Surveillance and seed transmission of three strains of Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Fitopatologia Brasileira, 8:87-92
Gnatyuk, T. T.;Zhitkevich, N. V.;Gritsay, R. V.;Patyka, V. F.Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens is the agent of bacterial disease of soybean. 2013. Mīkrobiologīchniĭ Zhurnal 7522-27
Tegli S, Sereni A, Surico G, 2002. PCR-based assay for the detection of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in bean seeds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35:331-337
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Dunleavy JM, 1988. Bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases affecting soybean leaves. In: Wyllie TD, Scott DH, eds. Soybean Diseases of the North Central Region. St. Paul, USA: American Phytopathological Society, 40-46.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Maringoni, A.C. and Camara, R.C. (2006). Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens detection in bean seeds using a semi-selective culture medium. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 37(4):451-455
Sammer, U. F., Reiher, K., 2012. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens on soybean in Germany - a threat for farming.Journal of Phytopathology, 160(6) 314-316.
Soares RM, Fantinato GGP, Darben LM, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Seixas CDS, Carneiro GEde S, 2013. First report of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens on soybean in Brazil. Tropical Plant Pathology, 38(5):452-454.
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel), Jeger, M., Bragard, C., Caffier, D., Candresse, T., Chatzivassiliou, E., ... & Caffier, D. (2018). Pest categorisation of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Efsa Journal, 16(5), e05299.
Osdaghi, E., Young, A. J., & Harveson, R. M. (2020). Bacterial wilt of dry beans caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens: A new threat from an old enemy. Molecular Plant Pathology, 21(5), 605–621.
Calzolari A, Cavanni P and Ponti I, 1987. Bacterial and fungus diseases of soyabean. Informatore Fitopatologico, 37:7-12
A. J. González, J. C. Tello, and M. R. Rodicio. 2005. Bacterial Wilt of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens in Southeastern Spain, Plant Disease, 89:1361
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Phaseolus coccineus
runner bean
Yes
CORBFL-9, CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, EPPO, CORBFL-25
Seed as a pathway is well established.
Yes
Dilution plating, PCR
USDA is working with the EU to share protocol on the testing methods. The current protocol is similar to NSHS 4.3.
CORBFL-9, NSHS USDA
Cultural
The use of clean seed is the most effective method to prevent spread. Field inspection appears to be inadequate to detect Cff. Weeds, volunteer plants, and plant debris should be removed. There are no effective seed treatments against cff.
CORBFL-15, CORBFL-17
2024-11-21 08:44:33
Tegli S, Sereni A, Surico G, 2002. PCR-based assay for the detection of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in bean seeds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35:331-337
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Osdaghi, E., Young, A. J., & Harveson, R. M. (2020). Bacterial wilt of dry beans caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens: A new threat from an old enemy. Molecular Plant Pathology, 21(5), 605–621.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Maringoni, A.C. and Camara, R.C. (2006). Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens detection in bean seeds using a semi-selective culture medium. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 37(4):451-455
Soares RM, Fantinato GGP, Darben LM, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Seixas CDS, Carneiro GEde S, 2013. First report of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens on soybean in Brazil. Tropical Plant Pathology, 38(5):452-454.
Phaseolus vulgaris
common bean
Yes
CORBFL-5, CORBFL-9, CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, NSHS USDA, CORBFL-15, CORBFL-16, CORBFL-17, CORBFL-19, CORBFL-20, CORBFL-21
Seed as a pathway is well established.
Yes
dilution plating, PCR
USDA is working with the EU to share protocol on the testing methods. The current protocol is similar to NSHS 4.3.
CORBFL-2, CORBFL-3, CORBFL-6, CORBFL-9, NSHS USDA, CORBFL-17
Cultural
The use of clean seed is the most effective method to prevent spread. Field inspection appears to be inadequate to detect Cff. Weeds, volunteer plants, and plant debris should be removed. There are no effective seed treatments against cff.
CABI CPC, EPPO, CORBFL-15, CORBFL-17
2024-12-11 20:09:32
Schuster ML and Smith CC, 1983. Surveillance and seed transmission of three strains of Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Fitopatologia Brasileira, 8:87-92
Tegli S, Sereni A, Surico G, 2002. PCR-based assay for the detection of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in bean seeds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35:331-337
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Maringoni, A.C. and Camara, R.C. (2006). Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens detection in bean seeds using a semi-selective culture medium. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 37(4):451-455
Sammer, U. F., Reiher, K., 2012. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens on soybean in Germany - a threat for farming.Journal of Phytopathology, 160(6) 314-316.
Soares RM, Fantinato GGP, Darben LM, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Seixas CDS, Carneiro GEde S, 2013. First report of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens on soybean in Brazil. Tropical Plant Pathology, 38(5):452-454.
Harveson, R. M., Schwartz, H. F., Vidaver, A. K., Lambrecht, P. A., Otto, K. L., 2006. New outbreaks of bacterial wilt of dry bean in Nebraska observed from field infections.Plant Disease, 90(5) 681.
Huang, H. C., Erickson, R. S., Yanke, L. J., Chelle, C. D., Mündel, H. H., 2006. First report of the purple variant of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, causal agent of bacterial wilt of bean, in Canada.Plant Disease, 90(9) 1262.
Harveson, R. M., Vidaver, A. K., 2008. A new color variant of the dry bean bacterial wilt pathogen (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens) found in Western Nebraska.Plant Health Progress, No.AugustPHP-2008.
Calzolari A, Cavanni P and Ponti I, 1987. Bacterial and fungus diseases of soyabean. Informatore Fitopatologico, 37:7-12
Dunleavy JM, 1986. Effect of temperature on systemic spread of tan spot of soybean from seed to unifoliate leaves. Phytopathology 76:1079 ;
CORBFL-4,Dunleavy JM, 1988. Bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases affecting soybean leaves. In: Wyllie TD, Scott DH, eds. Soybean Diseases of the North Central Region. St. Paul, USA: American Phytopathological Society, 40-46.
A. J. González, J. C. Tello, and M. R. Rodicio. 2005. Bacterial Wilt of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens in Southeastern Spain, Plant Disease, 89:1361
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Pisum sativum
pea
uncertain
CABI CPC, CORBFL-22, CORBFL-23, CORBFL-24
Pea naturally hosts Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, but there is no references were found confirming seed as a pathway.
2024-12-11 12:10:10
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel), Jeger, M., Bragard, C., Caffier, D., Candresse, T., Chatzivassiliou, E., ... & Caffier, D. (2018). Pest categorisation of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Efsa Journal, 16(5), e05299.
Chartrel, V., Dugat-Bony, E., Sarthou, AS. et al. The microbial community associated with pea seeds (Pisum sativum) of different geographical origins. Plant Soil 462, 405–427 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04856-6
Osdaghi, E., Taghavi, S.M., Fazliarab, A., Elahifard, E. and Lamichhane, J.R., 2015. Characterization, geographic distribution and host range of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens: an emerging bacterial pathogen in Iran. Crop Protection, 78, pp.185-192.
Vigna unguiculata
cowpea
Yes
CORBFL-5, CORBFL-8, CORBFL-9, CORBFL-10, CABI CPC, CORBFL-22, CORBFL-25
Seed is a known pathhway. References are limited in comparison to other major hosts such as Phaselous vulgaris.
Yes
CORBFL-2, CORBFL-8, CORBFL-9, NSHS USDA
cultural
The use of clean seed is the most effective method to prevent spread. Field inspection appears to be inadequate to detect Cff. Weeds, volunteer plants, and plant debris should be removed. There are no effective seed treatments against cff.
CABI CPC
2024-12-11 12:05:31
Schuster ML and Smith CC, 1983. Surveillance and seed transmission of three strains of Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Fitopatologia Brasileira, 8:87-92
Diatloff A, Wong,WC, Wood BA, 1993. Non-destructive methods of detecting Curtobacteriumflaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in mungbean seeds. Letters in Applied Microbiology16:269-273
Tegli S, Sereni A, Surico G, 2002. PCR-based assay for the detection of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in bean seeds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35:331-337
Arcila MJ,Trujillo G, 1990. Identification of phytopathogenic bacteria in cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata). Agromonía Tropical (Maracay), 40:193-203
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel), Jeger, M., Bragard, C., Caffier, D., Candresse, T., Chatzivassiliou, E., ... & Caffier, D. (2018). Pest categorisation of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Efsa Journal, 16(5), e05299.
Osdaghi, E., Young, A. J., & Harveson, R. M. (2020). Bacterial wilt of dry beans caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens: A new threat from an old enemy. Molecular Plant Pathology, 21(5), 605–621.
Calzolari A, Cavanni P and Ponti I, 1987. Bacterial and fungus diseases of soyabean. Informatore Fitopatologico, 37:7-12
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
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