Xanthomonas vesicatoria
bacterial spot of tomato and pepper
Bacterium exitiosum, Bacterium vesicatorium, Phytomonas exitiosa Phytomonas vesicatoria, Pseudomonas exitiosa, Pseudomonas gardneri, Pseudomonas gardneri var. capsica, Pseudomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Vesicatoria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria
Worldwide
AZ, CA, FL, GA, HI, IN, IA, MI, NM, NC, OH, OK
2024-07-12
bacterium
-
Tomato and pepper
XANTVE
Xanthomonas vesicatoria causes bacterial spot in tomatoes and peppers. It produces symptoms such as leaf spots, fruit spots, and defoliation, particularly in warm and humid conditions. The pathogen is seedborne and is considered a high-risk quarantine pest.
2 Known Hosts
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
Yes
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,XANTVE-1,XANTVE-2,XANTVE-3,XANTVE-4,XANTVE-5,XANTVE-6,XANTVE-9
Seed is a known pathway for Xanthomonas vesicatoria and has been considered a major source of inoculum.
Yes
dilution plating, identification PCR, pathogenicity assay
These are the recommended methods by ISHI as of July 2017.
-
NSHS USDA,ISHI-ISF
biological, Chemical, Cultural
Biological: the use of resistant varieties may help. Chemical: hot water and chemical treatments have shown some effectiveness but could reduce germination. Cultural: Using disease-free seeds is critical. Sterilization of tools used is important in reducing spread. Crop rotation is also recommended to prevent carryover in volunteers and crop residues.
CABI CPC,XANTVE-1,XANTVE-4
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Potnis, N., Timilsina, S., Strayer, A., Shantharaj, D., Barak, J. D., Paret, M. L., ... & Jones, J. B. (2015). Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: Diverse X anthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge. Molecular plant pathology, 16(9), 907-920.
Agrawal, K., Sharma, D. K., & Jain, V. K. (2012). Seed-borne bacterial diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and their control measures: A Review. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2(2), 173-182p.
Goode, M. J., & Sasser, M. (1980). Prevention-the key to controlling bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato.
Leite Jr, R. P., Jones, J. B., Somodi, G. C., Minsavage, G. V., & Stall, R. E. (1995). Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with pepper and tomato seed by DNA amplification. seed, 11, 24.
Felipe, V., Romero, A. M., Montecchia, M. S., Vojnov, A. A., Bianco, M. I., & Yaryura, P. M. (2018). Xanthomonas vesicatoria virulence factors involved in early stages of bacterial spot development in tomato. Plant Pathology, 67(9), 1936-1943.
Lue, Y. S., Deng, W. L., Wu, Y. F., Cheng, A. S., Hsu, S. T., & Tzeng, K. C. (2010). Characterization of Xanthomonas associated with bacterial spot of tomato and pepper in Taiwan. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 19(3), 181-190.
Abdalla, M. E. (2000). Detection and identification of seed‐borne pathogenic bacteria of imported tomato seeds in Egypt. EPPO Bulletin, 30(2), 327-331.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
ISHI Seed Health Test Methods - https://worldseed.org/resources/ishi-methods/
Capsicum annuum
pepper
Yes
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,XANTVE-1,XANTVE-3,XANTVE-4,XANTVE-6
Seed is a known pathway for Xanthomonas vesicatoria and has been considered a major source of inoculum.
Yes
dilution plating, identification PCR, pathogenicity assay
These are the recommended methods by ISHI as of July 2017.
-
NSHS USDA,ISHI-ISF
biological, chemical, Cultural
Biological: the use of resistant varieties may help. Chemical: hot water and chemical treatments have shown some effectiveness but could reduce germination. Cultural: Using disease-free seeds is critical. Sterilization of tools used is important in reducing spread. Crop rotation is also recommended to prevent carryover in volunteers and crop residues.
CABI CPC,XANTVE-1,XANTVE-4
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Potnis, N., Timilsina, S., Strayer, A., Shantharaj, D., Barak, J. D., Paret, M. L., ... & Jones, J. B. (2015). Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: Diverse X anthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge. Molecular plant pathology, 16(9), 907-920.
Goode, M. J., & Sasser, M. (1980). Prevention-the key to controlling bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato.
Leite Jr, R. P., Jones, J. B., Somodi, G. C., Minsavage, G. V., & Stall, R. E. (1995). Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with pepper and tomato seed by DNA amplification. seed, 11, 24.
Lue, Y. S., Deng, W. L., Wu, Y. F., Cheng, A. S., Hsu, S. T., & Tzeng, K. C. (2010). Characterization of Xanthomonas associated with bacterial spot of tomato and pepper in Taiwan. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 19(3), 181-190.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
ISHI Seed Health Test Methods - https://worldseed.org/resources/ishi-methods/
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