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Aspergillus flavus (Storage rot of maize )
Aspergillus flavus
Storage rot of maize
Aspergillus fasciculatum, Aspergillus flavus f. magnasporus, Aspergillus flavus var. wehmeri, Aspergillus humus, Aspergillus luteus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus wehmeri
Africa: widespread; Asia: widespread; Europe: Czechia, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK; North America: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, USA; Oceania: Australia; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.
AL, AZ, CA, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, LA, MS, NM, NC, PA, TX
2024-06-24
fungus
-
Main: maize, groundnut, cotton
ASPEFL
Aspergillus flavus is a fungal pathogen of maize, peanuts, and cotton. It is widespread in soils, crop residues, and air throughout the world. It typically thrives in warmer climates and high moisture areas, particularly in the field and storage.
1 Known Hosts
Zea mays
corn
Yes
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,ASPEFL-4,ASPEFL-9,ASPEFL-10,ASPEFL-11,ASPEFL-12
In maize, Aspergillus flavus targets kernels, particularly in plants weakened by stress such as heat or drought, which causes ear rot in the field and storage rot. High incidences of seed infection can be expected under favorable conditions in seed storage when moisture levels exceed 14%. A. flavus can cause major seed deterioration, which affects seed viability and germination. It is also known to produce alfatoxins, which are hazardous to human and animal health.
Yes
Agar plating, Blotter, PCR
Contaminated seeds may also be detected by visual examination.
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,ASPEFL-6,ASPEFL-7,ASPEFL-8
Biological, Chemical, Cultural
Early identification and treatment of A. flavus, combined with the use of resistant varieties, thorough field inspections, and adequate watering during production, can greatly reduce or potentially prevent economic losses from contamination. The use of fungicides has shown effectiveness as did the use of essential oils.
CABI CPC,ASPEFL-2,ASPEFL-5
CABI CPC
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
ISF RPLD
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
ASPEFL-4
Diener, U. L., Cole, R. J., Sanders, T. H., Payne, G. A., Lee, L. S., & Klich, M. A. (1987). Epidemiology of aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus. Annual review of phytopathology, 25(1), 249-270.
ASPEFL-9
Amaike, S., & Keller, N. P. (2011). Aspergillus flavus. Annual review of phytopathology, 49(1), 107-133.
ASPEFL-10
Saleem, M. J., Bajwa, R., Hannan, A., & Qaiser, T. A. (2012). Maize seed storage mycoflora in Pakistan and its chemical control. Pak. J. Bot, 44(2), 807-812.
ASPEFL-11
Dolezal, A. L., Shu, X., OBrian, G. R., Nielsen, D. M., Woloshuk, C. P., Boston, R. S., & Payne, G. A. (2014). Aspergillus flavus infection induces transcriptional and physical changes in developing maize kernels. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5.
ASPEFL-12
Meronuck, R. (1987). The significance of fungi. Plant Dis, 71, 287.
ASPEFL-6
Xing, H., Ma, J., Xu, B., Zhang, S., Wang, J., Cao, L., & Yang, X. (2018). Mycobiota of maize seeds revealed by rdna‐its sequence analysis of samples with varying storage times. MicrobiologyOpen, 7(6).
ASPEFL-7
Jedidi, I., Soldevilla, C., Lahouar, A., Marín, P., González-Jaén, M., & Said, S. (2018). Mycoflora isolation and molecular characterization of aspergillus and fusarium species in tunisian cereals. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(5), 868–874.
ASPEFL-8
Danai-Tambhale, S. D. (2018). Isolation methods for Aspergillus species occurring on plant seeds. IJARR, 3, 12
ASPEFL-2
Li, H., Kang, X., Wang, S., Mo, H., Xu, D., Zhou, W., & Hu, L. (2021). Early detection and monitoring for aspergillus flavus contamination in maize kernels. Food Control, 121, 107636
ASPEFL-5
Montes-Belmont, R., & Carvajal, M. (1998). Control of aspergillus flavus in maize with plant essential oils and their components. Journal of Food Protection, 61(5), 616–619.
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