Tomato black ring virus
ring spot of beet
Lettuce Ringspot Virus, Bean Ringspot Virus, Beet Ringspot Virus, Celery Yellow Vein Virus, Lettuce Ringspot Virus,Potato Bouquet Virus, Potato Pseudo-Aucuba Virus,Tomato Black Ring Nepovirus
Asia: India, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey; Europe: Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Not known to occur
2025-08-18
virus
China, Korea, Mexico, Thailand
Wide host range; however, many are experimental only.
Main: onion, leek, garlic, chive, celery, sugarbeet, cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, pepper, cucumber, lettuce, ryegrass, alfalfa, parsley, tomato, potato, spinach, cowpea.
TBRV00
Tomato black ring virus spreads by sap contact, pollen, and seed, with seed transmission confirmed in many crops. Soil nematodes also vector it, though efficiency is low, and the spread in fields is patchy. Seed transmission is the main route for long-distance dispersal and survival between seasons.
15 Known Hosts
Allium cepa
onion
No
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-4, CABI CPC, EPPO
Tomato black ring virus is soil-borne, with onion only rarely reported as a host. Older literature cites seed transmission, but not in Allium cepa, and no evidence supports seed as a pathway
2025-08-18 16:43:02
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Murant AF, 1983. Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Seed Science and Technology, 11:973-987.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Apium graveolens
celery
No
CABI CPC, TBRV00-5
No evidence that seed is a pathway. Older literature lists seed as a possible pathway but research was done on Celery yellow vein virus and it is unclear as to whether this nepovirus is the same as TBRV.
2025-08-18 16:47:14
Beta vulgaris
table beet, swiss chard
No
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-4
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Older literature (TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3) lists seed as a possible pathway, but no evidence of seed transmission was presented for this host.
2025-08-18 16:49:37
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Murant AF, 1983. Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Seed Science and Technology, 11:973-987.
Brassica napus
rapeseed
No
CABI CPC, RICH ISTA
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-18 16:50:58
Brassica rapa
turnip, chinese cabbage
No
CABI CPC, RICH ISTA
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-18 16:51:56
Capsicum annuum
pepper
No
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-4, CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, RICH ISTA
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Older literature (TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3) lists seed as a possible pathway, but no evidence of seed transmission was presented for this host.
2025-08-18 16:53:35
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Murant AF, 1983. Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Seed Science and Technology, 11:973-987.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Cucumis sativus
cucumber
No
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-9
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Older literature (TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3) lists seed as a possible pathway, but no evidence of seed transmission was presented for this host.
2025-08-18 19:20:08
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Pospieszny, H., Jonczyk, M., & Borodynko, N. (2003). First record of Tomato black ring virus [TBRV] in the natural infection of Cucumis sativus in Poland. Journal of plant protection research, 43(1).
Daucus carota
carrot
No
TBRV00-3, CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, EPPO
There is no evidence that carrot is a host for this virus.
2025-08-18 19:21:56
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Glycine max
soybean
No
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-4
Older literature (TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3) lists seed as a possible pathway, but no evidence of seed transmission was presented for this host. Seed pathway often inferred due to other hosts or nepoviruses seed pathway. No evidence of seed as a pathway from naturally infected seed was found.
2025-08-18 19:23:20
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Murant AF, 1983. Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Seed Science and Technology, 11:973-987.
Helianthus annuus
sunflower
No
CABI CPC
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Only one reference found indicating sunflower may be a host.
2025-08-18 19:23:57
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
uncertain
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-4, TBRV00-11, TBRV00-12
Older literature (TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3) lists seed as a possible pathway, but no evidence of seed transmission was presented for this host. Clear evidence of natural seed transmission was not found.
2025-08-18 19:25:33
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Murant AF, 1983. Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Seed Science and Technology, 11:973-987.
Davis, R.M., Subbarao, K.V., Raid, R.N., and Kurtz, E.A. (1997). Compendium for lettuce diseases. American Phytopathological Society: St. Paul, Minnesota (USA).
Koike, S.T., Gladders, P. and Paulus, A.O. (2007). Vegetable Diseases: A color handbook. Academic Press: Burlington, MA, 451pp.
Medicago sativa
alfalfa
No
CABI CPC
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Alfalfa is not a common host for this virus.
2025-08-18 19:26:03
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
uncertain
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, TBRV00-4, CABI CPC, EPPO, TBRV00-9
The seed transmission of Tomato black ring virus in tomatoes is uncertain. Small early studies suggested it as a potential pathway, while later large-scale work showed variable transmission rates (approximately 1–15%) depending on cultivar and isolate, with infected seedlings exhibiting no symptoms. No evidence exists from naturally infected seed, so its role in field spread remains unclear.
2025-08-18 19:28:31
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Murant AF, 1983. Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Seed Science and Technology, 11:973-987.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Pospieszny, H., Jonczyk, M., & Borodynko, N. (2003). First record of Tomato black ring virus [TBRV] in the natural infection of Cucumis sativus in Poland. Journal of plant protection research, 43(1).
Solanum melongena
eggplant
Not a host
TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3, CABI CPC, EPPO
No references found indicating eggplant as a host.
2025-08-18 19:55:16
Lister RM, Murant AF, 1967. Seed-transmission of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:49-62.
Murant AF, Lister RM, 1967. Seed-transmission in the ecology of nematode-borne viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 59:63-76.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Spinacia oleracea
spinach
No
No references found indicating spinach is a host for this virus.
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