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Tomato planta macho viroid (Mexican papita )
Tomato planta macho viroid
Mexican papita
Mexican papita pospiviroid, Mexican papita viroid, Tomato planta macho pospiviroid, TPMVd
North America: Mexico
Not known to occur
2025-11-19
viroid
Korea, Thailand
tomato
TPMVD0
Tomato planta macho viroid is a Pospiviroid with a limited host range, primarily infecting tomato. It can cause stunting, leaf deformation, and reduced fruit yield, but symptom severity varies with cultivar and environmental conditions. It is primarily mechanically transmitted through contaminated tools, hands, or plant contact. Seed transmission is uncertain and likely very low, and there are no known insect vectors. Greenhouse sanitation and removal of infected plants are key to limiting spread.
Crops
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
Uncertain
TPMVd0-2, TPMVD0-4, TPMVD0-5, TPMVD0-6, TPMVD0-8
Seed as a pathway of Tomato planta macho viroid in tomato is uncertain. Some studies detected the viroid on seeds at very low rates, while others found no evidence, including in commercial seed lots. Overall, pest risk assessments consider the likelihood of entry or establishment via seed to be low, reflecting limited and conflicting evidence.
Yes
RT-PCR
NSHS METHOD: So 6.1 TaqMan RT-PCR Method, Ver 1.3
RT-PCR (NSHS Method So 6.1)
NSHS USDA
Biological, cultural
Use resistant varieties and an effective systems approach. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has been studied.
TPMVD0-7
2025-11-19 17:35:14
TPMVd0-2
Yanagisawa, H. and Matsushita, Y. (2017). Host ranges and seed transmission of Tomato planta macho viroid and Pepper chat fruit viroid. European J. of Plant Path. 149: 211-217.
TPMVD0-4
Zamora-Macorra, E. J., Ávila-Alistac, N., Lagunes-Fortiz, E., & Santos-Villalobos, S. D. L. (2023). Viruses and viroids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as a management alternative. Revista mexicana de fitopatología, 41(SPE).
TPMVD0-5
Verhoeven, J.T., Botermans, M., Schoen, R., Koenraadt, H. and Roenhorst, J.W., 2021. Possible overestimation of seed transmission in the spread of pospiviroids in commercial pepper and tomato crops based on large-scale grow-out trials and systematic literature review. Plants, 10(8), p.1707.
TPMVD0-6
Verhoeven, J.T.J., Roenhorst, J.W. and Owens, R.A., 2011. Mexican papita viroid and tomato planta macho viroid belong to a single species in the genus Pospiviroid. Archives of virology, 156(8), pp.1433-1437.
TPMVD0-8
Dall, D., Penrose, L., Daly, A., Constable, F. and Gibbs, M., 2019. Prevalences of Pospiviroid contamination in large seed lots of tomato and capsicum, and related seed testing considerations. Viruses, 11(11), p.1034.
NSHS USDA
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
TPMVD0-7
Chen, W.Y., Shih, S.L., Hsieh, M.H. and Kenyon, L., 2019. Management of tomato viroids at World Vegetable Center headquarters. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1316, pp 135-142.
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