Pepper chat fruit viroid
pepper chat fruit
PCFVd
Asia: Thailand, Turkey.
Not known to occur
2025-12-09
viroid
Korea
pepper, tomato
PCFVD0
Pepper chat fruit viroid is a small, circular RNA viroid in the Pospiviroidae family that naturally infects peppers and can experimentally infect tomato and potato. It is known to spread mechanically through handling or contaminated tools, while seed transmission remains uncertain. Infected plants may show stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and smaller or deformed fruits.
Crops
Capsicum annuum
pepper
Uncertain
PCFVd0-3, PCFVd0-5, CABI CPC, EPPO, PCFVD0-6, PCFVD0-7
The role of Pepper chat fruit viroid (PCFVd) in naturally infecting pepper remains uncertain. Experimental studies have produced conflicting results regarding seed transmission: one study indicates that seeds could serve as a pathway for the viroid, while another, also conducted under experimental conditions, found no evidence of seed transmission. Beyond these controlled studies, there are no reports confirming seed as a natural route for PCFVd in pepper, nor are there documented cases of natural infection in field-grown plants.
Yes
RT-PCR
NSHS: METHOD: So 6.1 TaqMan RT-PCR Method, Ver 1.3
NSHS: METHOD: So 6.1
NSHS USDA
2025-12-09 11:29:12
Yanagisawa, H. and Matsushita, Y. (2017). Host ranges and seed transmission of Tomato planta macho viroid and Pepper chat fruit viroid. European J. of Plant Path. 149: 211-217.
Verhoeven JTJ; Jansen CCC; Roenhorst JW; Flores R; Peña Mde la, 2009. Pepper chat fruit viroid: biological and molecular properties of a proposed new species of the genus Pospiviroid. Virus Research, 144:209-214.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Keyata, T., Sinhabandhu, S., & Reanwarakorn, K. (2024). Symptoms and disease virulence assessment in commercial pepper cultivars caused by Pepper chat fruit viroid. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 131(6), 1935-1944.
Verhoeven JTJ, Koenraadt HMS, Jodlowska A, Hüner L, Roenhorst JW (2020) Pospiviroid infection in Capsicum annuum: disease symptom and lack of seed transmission. Eur J Plant Pathol 156:21–29.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
Uncertain
PCFVd0-3, PCFVd0-4, PCFVd0-5, CABI CPC, EPPO, PCFVD0-6, PCFVD0-7, PCFVD0-8, PCFVD0-9, PCFVD0-10, PCFVD0-11, PCFVD0-12, PCFVD0-13
The role of tomato seed as a pathway for Pepper chat fruit viroid is uncertain. While low-level detection of the viroid on tomato seeds and seedlings has been reported in some experimental studies, large-scale trials with naturally contaminated seeds found no evidence of seed transmission. The viroid is mechanically transmissible, but its natural impact on tomato crops appears limited.
Yes
RT-PCR
NSHS: METHOD: So 6.1 TaqMan RT-PCR Method, Ver 1.3
NSHS METHOD: So 6.1
NSHS USDA
2025-12-09 11:40:07
Yanagisawa, H. and Matsushita, Y. (2017). Host ranges and seed transmission of Tomato planta macho viroid and Pepper chat fruit viroid. European J. of Plant Path. 149: 211-217.
Chambers, G.A., Seyb, A.M., Mackie, J., Constable, F.E., Rodoni, B.C., Letham, D., Davis, K. and Gibbs, M.J. (2013). First Report of Pepper chat fruit viroid in Traded Tomato Seed, an Interception by Australian Biosecurity. Plant Disease 97: 1386
Verhoeven JTJ; Jansen CCC; Roenhorst JW; Flores R; Peña Mde la, 2009. Pepper chat fruit viroid: biological and molecular properties of a proposed new species of the genus Pospiviroid. Virus Research, 144:209-214.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Keyata, T., Sinhabandhu, S., & Reanwarakorn, K. (2024). Symptoms and disease virulence assessment in commercial pepper cultivars caused by Pepper chat fruit viroid. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 131(6), 1935-1944.
Verhoeven JTJ, Koenraadt HMS, Jodlowska A, Hüner L, Roenhorst JW (2020) Pospiviroid infection in Capsicum annuum: disease symptom and lack of seed transmission. Eur J Plant Pathol 156:21–29.
Chen, W.Y., Shih, S.L., Hsieh, M.H. and Kenyon, L., 2019. Management of tomato viroids at World Vegetable Center headquarters. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1316, pp 135-142.
Reanwarakorn, K., Klinkong, S. and Porsoongnurn, J., 2011. First report of natural infection of Pepper chat fruit viroid in tomato plants in Thailand. New Disease Reports, 24(6).
Verhoeven, J.T., Botermans, M., Schoen, R., Koenraadt, H. and Roenhorst, J.W., 2021. Possible overestimation of seed transmission in the spread of pospiviroids in commercial pepper and tomato crops based on large-scale grow-out trials and systematic literature review. Plants, 10(8), p.1707.
USDA, 2021. A quality pest risk asssessment for six pospiviroids (Columnea latent viroid, Pepper chat fruit viroid, Potato spindle tuber viroid, Tomato apical stunt viroid, Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, and Tomato planta macho viroid) associated with imported tomato and pepper seeds. Version 1.
Choi, H., Jo, Y., Cho, W.K., Yu, J., Tran, P.T., Salaipeth, L., Kwak, H.R., Choi, H.S. and Kim, K.H., 2020. Identification of viruses and viroids infecting tomato and pepper plants in Vietnam by metatranscriptomics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), p.7565.
Verhoeven, J. T. J., M. Botermans, C. C. C. Jansen, and J. W. Roenhorst. 2011a. First report of Pepper chat fruit viroid in capsicum pepper in Canada. New Disease Reports 23:15
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
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