Xanthomonas cucurbitae
bacterial pumpkin spot, bacterial cucurbit leaf spot
Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae, Bacterium cucurbitae, Phytomonas cucurbitae, Pseudomonas cucurbitae
China, India, Nepal, Japan, Brunei, France, Italy, Egypt, Seychelles, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Russia
Widespread
2023-09-07
bacterium
Mexico, Korea, Nepal
Cucurbits
XANTCU
When symptoms are present, confirm the causal agent with laboratory diagnoses. Symptoms of this disease may be suppressed, indistinguishable from other diseases or inconspicuous under unfavorable climatic conditions or plant physiological stress, requiring thorough laboratory analysis. Prolonged periods of latency resulting in asymptotic plants has not been documented for this pathogen, though the period from infection to symptom expression may vary with climatic conditions, plant genetics, physiological stress and plant pathogen strain. Literature showing that random sampling of apparently healthy plants to detect latent populations of this pathogen has not been found.
4 Known Hosts
Citrullus lanatus
watermelon
No
XANTCU-2, XANTCU-7, ISFRPLD
The pathogen has been reported on watermelon, but seed as a pathway has not been proven. Movement of the pathogen to seedlings was not shown to occur in controlled experiments. Seed as a pathway for transmission of Xanthomonas cucurbitae appears to be minor or insignificant. Currently seed as a pathway has only been shown on species of Cucurbita (pumpkin).
Use good seed growing practices. Grow in disease free areas and in arid climates. No overhead irrigation. Copper sprays when needed
CABICPC
Babadoost, 2016. Personnel communication University of Illinois:
Babadoost, 2012. Bacterial spot of Cucurbits. Report on Plant disease. No. 949, December 2012. University of Illinois Extension. (http://extension.cropsci.illinois.edu/fruitveg/pdfs/949_bacterial_spot.pd)
Cucumis melo
melon
No
XANTCU-2, XANTCU-7, ISFRPLD
The pathogen has been reported on melons, in the laboratory and is often included as a host, but seed as a pathway has not been proven. Cucumis melo may not be a host. Movement of the pathogen to seedlings was not shown to occur in controlled experiments. Seed as a pathway for transmission of Xanthomonas cucurbitae appears to be minor or insignificant. Currently seed as a pathway has only been shown on species of Cucurbita (pumpkin).
Use good seed growing practices. Grow in disease free areas and in arid climates. No overhead irrigation. Copper sprays when needed
CABICPC
Babadoost, 2016. Personnel communication University of Illinois:
Babadoost, 2012. Bacterial spot of Cucurbits. Report on Plant disease. No. 949, December 2012. University of Illinois Extension. (http://extension.cropsci.illinois.edu/fruitveg/pdfs/949_bacterial_spot.pd)
Cucumis sativus
cucumber
No
XANTCU-2, XANTCU-7, ISFRPLD
The pathogen has been reported on cucumber, but seed as a pathway has not been proven. Movement of the pathogen to seedlings was not shown to occur in controlled experiments. Seed as a pathway for transmission of Xanthomonas cucurbitae appears to be minor or insignificant. Currently seed as a pathway has only been shown on species of Cucurbita (pumpkin).
Use good seed growing practices. Grow in disease free areas and in arid climates. No overhead irrigation. Copper sprays when needed
CABICPC
Babadoost, 2016. Personnel communication University of Illinois:
Babadoost, 2012. Bacterial spot of Cucurbits. Report on Plant disease. No. 949, December 2012. University of Illinois Extension. (http://extension.cropsci.illinois.edu/fruitveg/pdfs/949_bacterial_spot.pd)
Cucurbita spp.
pumpkin, gourd, squash
Yes
XANTCU-3, XANTCU-4, XANTCU-2, ISFRPLD, XANTCU-8
The pathogen has been detected on or in seed but movement to seedlings was not shown to occur in controlled experiments. Seed as a pathway for transmission of Xanthomonas cucurbitae appears to be minor or insignificant (XANTCU-2). The bacteria can remain pathogenic in pumpkin seeds for at least 24 months. (XANTCU-8)
Yes
Incubation, Seed wash
These methods have not been validated or standardized.
ISFRPLD
Use good seed growing practices. Grow in disease free areas and in arid climates. No overhead irrigation. Copper sprays when needed. Seed treatments are needed to eradicate the pathogen carried on and/or in the seeds. (XANTCU-8)
CABICPC
Zitter, T.A., Hopkins, D.L. and Thomas, C.E. (Eds) (1996). Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. American Phytopathological Society: St. Paul, Minnesota (USA). 120 pp.
MClean, DM, 1958. A Seed-Borne Bacterial Cotyledon Disease of Squash. Plant Disease Rept. 42;425-426
Babadoost, 2016. Personnel communication University of Illinois:
Zhang, X., & Babadoost, M. (2018). Characteristics of xanthomonas cucurbitae isolates from pumpkins and survival of the bacterium in pumpkin seeds. Plant Disease, 102(9), 1779–1784. Retrieved September, 2021.
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