Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
bacterial canker of tomato
Aplanobacter michiganensis, Bacterium michiganense Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis, Corynebacterium michiganense, Corynebacterium michiganense pv. Michiganense, Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. Michiganense, Erwinia michiganensis Mycobacterium michiganense, Phytomonas michiganensis, Pseudomonas michiganense, Pseudomonas michiganensis
Worldwide
Widespread
2024-03-19
bacterium
Cambodia, China, Mexico, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam
Tomato, pepper, and wild species of Solanum have been reported as hosts.
CORBMI
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a significant seed-transmitted pathogen primarily affecting solanaceous crops like tomatoes.
3 Known Hosts
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
Yes
CORBMI-5,CORBMI-6,CORBMI-7,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
Seed as a pathway is well documented and accepted for this pathogen
Yes
Seed wash/Liquid plating, Serology, PCR
Seed wash /liquid plating with PCR is a standard method of the NSHS
Seedwash, liquid plating with PCR confirmation is the standard test of NSHS and ISHI
CORBMI-8,CORBMI-9
Biological, Chemical, and Cultural
Use healthy seeds. Seed treatments are available as is HCl seed disinfestation. Use good hygeine and sanitation processes. Good management practices such as regular field inspections, are recommended.
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
Ricker MD, Riedel RM, 1993. Effect of secondary spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on yield of northern processing tomatoes. Plant Disease, 77:364-366
Gleason ML, Braun EJ, Carlton WM, Peterson RH, 1991. Survival and dissemination of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomatoes. Phytopathology, 81:1519-1523
Chang RJ, Ries SM, Pataky JK, 1992a. Local sources of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis in the development of bacterial canker on tomatoes. Phytopathology, 82:553-560
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
International Seed Federation “Method for the Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis spp. michiganensis on Tomato Seed. Version 4.1, 2014. http://www.worldseed.org/isf/ishi_vegetable.html
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Seed Health Testing Method Mz 10.1 National Seed Health System www.seedhealth.org
Capsicum annuum
pepper
uncertain
CORBMI-2,ISF RPLD
Pepper has potential to host the bacterium, but it is commonly observed in pepper seed production. Experiments done with artificially inoculated fruit, no data on naturally infected seeds.
No
Routine seed health for seed borne Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis commonly on tomato seed only. Seedwash, Liquid plating, Serology, PCR used for tomato have been adapted to pepper seed. Tests have not been verified on pepper seed.
Solanum melongena
eggplant
No
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,EPPO,CORBMI-11
There are no references found indicating seed as a pathway for C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in eggplant.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Boyaci, H., KABAŞ, A., AYSAN, Y., & Prohens, J. (2021). Screening of eggplant genotypes for resistance to bacterial wilt disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Plant Protection Science, 57(2).
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