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Tobacco ringspot virus (tobacco ring spot )
Tobacco ringspot virus
tobacco ring spot
Anemone necrosis virus, Annulus tabaci, Blueberry necrotic ringspot virus, Nicotiana virus 12, Soybean bud blight virus, Tobacco Brazilian streak virus, Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tobacco ringspot virus No. 1
Worldwide
Widespread
2022-09-22
virus
Korea, China
Extensive host range includes many weed, fruit and ornamental plant species. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important
TORSXX
Nepovirus. Requires the Xiphinema americanum nematode for transmission. This pest has been reported to be in Korea.
12 Known Hosts
Capsicum annuum
pepper
No
TORSXX-5, TORSXX-2
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
No
TORSXX-5
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
TORSXX-2
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Citrullus lanatus
watermelon
No
TORSXX-2, TORSXX-5
Seed as a pathway is not known to occur.
TORSXX-2
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
TORSXX-5
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
Cucumis melo
melon
No
TORSXX-4, TORSXX-5, TORSXX-9
Pathway not proven. Only one reference found implementing seed as a pathway, but all research was in enclosed houses and the laboratory. No evidence of seed being a pathway in nature found. A seed pathway is often inferred (TORSXX-9), but no evidence is presented.
TORSXX-4
McLean, DM 1962. Seed Transmission of Tobacco Ring Spot Virus in Cantaloupe. Phytopathology 52:21
TORSXX-5
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
TORSXX-9
Murant. 1983. Seed and Pollen Transmission of Nematode-borne viruses. Seed Sci and Technol. 11:973-987
Cucumis sativus
cucumber
No
TORSXX-2, TORSXX-5
A seed pathway has not been proven, but is inferred in several publications (TORSXX-9). No references supporting this claim were provided or found.
No
TORSXX-2
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
TORSXX-5
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
Cucurbita spp.
squash, gourd, pumpkin
No
TORSXX-5
Seed as a pathway is not known to occur. Only Cucurbita spp. known to be infected by this virus is marrow.
TORSXX-5
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
Glycine max
soybean
Yes
TORSXX-2, TORSXX-7, TORSXX-8
Seed transmission important in soybean and is well documented.
Yes
Indicator host inoculation, Grow out, ELISA
ELISA is the temporary standard of the NSHS.
ELISA
TORSXX-1, NSHSUSDA
Resistant varieties available. Hot water at 56°C for 10 min, hot air at 52°C and 56°C, or aerated steam at 60°C seed treatments have been unsuccessful on soybean.
TORSXX-1
TORSXX-2
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
TORSXX-7
Laviolette FA, Athow KL, 1971. Longevity of tobacco ringspot virus in soybean seed. Phytopathology, 61:755.
TORSXX-8
Demski JW, Harris HB, 1974. Seed transmission of viruses in soybean. Crop Science, 14:888-890
TORSXX-1
Tobacco Ringspot Virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
NSHSUSDA
Impatiens spp.
impatiens
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
No
TORSXX-6
Pathway not proven. Seed transmission from artificially inoculated plants only. No evidence of seed is a pathway in nature or from natural infections in this crop.
TORSXX-6
Grogan, RG, and Schnathorst, WC, 1955. Tobacco ringspot virus-The cause of lettuce calico. Plant Disease Reporter 39: 803-806
Pelargonium spp.
geranium
No
TORSXX-10
Pathway not proven. No evidence of seed transmission in nature. Seed pathway was shown in cross pollination experiments in the laboratory or greenhouse only and with artificially inoculated plants.
TORSXX-10
Scarborough BA and Smith SH. 1975. Seed transmission of tobacco and tomato ringspot viruses in geraniums. Phytopathology 65:835-836.
Petunia spp.
petunia
No
DVPWEB
Pathway not proven. Seed as a pathway is often speculated based on one dated reference . See reference #34 in the DVP WEB. This reference could not be verified and it appears that the research was done with one isolate in the laboratory only. No evidence of natural seed transmission.
DVPWEB
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
No
TORSXX-5, TORSXX-2
No references found indicating seed is a pathway in tomato.
No
TORSXX-5
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
TORSXX-2
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Zinnia spp.
zinnia
No
TORSXX-11
Pathway not proven. Seed as a pathway is often speculated based on one dated reference from Japan. This reference could not be verified and it is unclear if the transmission was with naturally infected seed or in the laboratory only.
TORSXX-11
Iizuka N, 1973. Seed transmission of viruses in soybean. Bulletin of the Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station. 46:131-141.
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