Tobacco ringspot virus
tobacco ring spot
Anemone necrosis virus, Annulus tabaci, Blueberry necrotic ringspot virus, Nicotiana virus 12, Soybean bud blight virus, Tobacco Brazilian streak virus, Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tobacco ringspot virus No. 1
Worldwide
Widespread
2025-09-15
virus
Korea, China
Extensive host range includes many weed, fruit and ornamental plant species. Main: peppers, watermelon, melon, cucumber, soybean, tomato.
TRSV00
Tobacco ringspot virus is a Nepovirus with a broad host range that causes ring spots, mottling, stunting, and yield loss. It is transmitted primarily by dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp.) in soil, but can also spread through infected seed in certain crops (mainly soybeans), mechanical contact with sap or contaminated tools, and, in some cases, via infected pollen.
12 Known Hosts
Capsicum annuum
pepper
No
TRSV00-2, CABI CPC, DPV WEB
No references found indicating pepper seed is a pathway.
No
2025-09-15 16:21:32
Citrullus lanatus
watermelon
No
TRSV00-1, TRSV00-2, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-12
No references found indicating watermelon seed is a pathway.
2025-09-15 16:22:51
Tobacco Ringspot Virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Abdalla, O.A., Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Ali, A., 2012 . First confirmed report of Tobacco ringspot virus in cucurbits crops in Oklahoma.Plant Disease, 96 ( 11 ): 1705
Cucumis melo
melon
uncertain
TRSV00-4, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-9, TRSV00-12, TRSV00-20
Tobacco ringspot virus is vectored primarily by dagger nematodes. References from the 1960s and 1980s mention seed transmission in melon, but these are outdated and not scientifically validated. The only study suggesting a seed pathway was conducted under laboratory conditions, with no evidence from the field. Seed as a pathway is sometimes inferred, but no verifiable data exists, so the seed association with melon remains uncertain.
2025-09-15 16:40:54
McLean, DM 1962. Seed Transmission of Tobacco Ring Spot Virus in Cantaloupe. Phytopathology 52:21
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Murant. 1983. Seed and Pollen Transmission of Nematode-borne viruses. Seed Sci and Technol. 11:973-987
Abdalla, O.A., Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Ali, A., 2012 . First confirmed report of Tobacco ringspot virus in cucurbits crops in Oklahoma.Plant Disease, 96 ( 11 ): 1705
Tabara, M., Nagashima, Y., He, K., Qian, X., Crosby, K. M., Jifon, J., ... & Fukuhara, T. (2021). Frequent asymptomatic infection with tobacco ringspot virus on melon fruit. Virus Research, 293, 198266.
Cucumis sativus
cucumber
No
TRSV00-2, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-12
No references found indicating cucumber seed is a pathway.
No
2025-09-17 08:36:23
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Abdalla, O.A., Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Ali, A., 2012 . First confirmed report of Tobacco ringspot virus in cucurbits crops in Oklahoma.Plant Disease, 96 ( 11 ): 1705
Cucurbita spp.
squash, gourd, pumpkin
No
CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-12
No references found indicating Cucurbita spp. seed is a pathway.
2025-09-17 08:39:15
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Abdalla, O.A., Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Ali, A., 2012 . First confirmed report of Tobacco ringspot virus in cucurbits crops in Oklahoma.Plant Disease, 96 ( 11 ): 1705
Glycine max
soybean
Yes
TRSV00-2, TRSV00-7, TRSV00-8, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-11, TRSV00-13, TRSV00-14, TRSV00-16, TRSV00-18
Tobacco ringspot virus is mainly vectored by dagger nematodes, but it is also well documented that it can be transmitted through seed in soybean. While nematode and seed transmission are the primary routes, mechanical spread through sap or handling of infected plants can also occur under certain conditions.
Yes
ELISA
METHOD: Sb 5.1 ELISA (formerly Sv 1.1) is the temporary standard of the NSHS.
ELISA
NSHS USDA
chemical, cultural, mechanical
Resistant varieties available. Use healthy seed. Manage nematodes through crop rotation, soil fumigation or nematicides. clean tools in between use. Remove and destroy infected plants in the field. Hot water at 56°C for 10 min, hot air at 52°C and 56°C, or aerated steam at 60°C seed treatments have been unsuccessful on soybean.
CABI CPC, TRSV00-17, TRSV00-19
2025-09-17 09:00:25
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Laviolette FA, Athow KL, 1971. Longevity of tobacco ringspot virus in soybean seed. Phytopathology, 61:755.
Demski JW, Harris HB, 1974. Seed transmission of viruses in soybean. Crop Science, 14:888-890
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Iizuka N, 1973. Seed transmission of viruses in soybean. Bulletin of the Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station. 46:131-141.
Stace-Smith, R., 1985 . Tobacco ringspot virus. In: CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, ( No. 309 ). Wellesbourne, UK : Association of Applied Biologists . 6 pp .
Frison, E.A., Bos, L., Hamilton, R.I., Mathur, S.B., Taylor, J.D., 1990. Legume. In: FAO/IBPGR Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Legume Germplasm.
Yang, A. F., & Hamilton, R. I. (1974). The mechanism of seed transmission of tobacco ringspot virus in soybean. Virology, 62(1), 26-37.
Bergeson, G. B., Athow, K. L., Laviolette, F. A., & Thomasine, M. (1964). Transmission, movement, and vector relationships of Tobacco ringspot virus in Soybean.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Owusu, G. K., Crowley, N. C., & Francki, R. I. B. (1968). Studies of the seed-transmission of Tobacco ringspot virus.
Gupta, V.K., 1978. Further studies on bud blight disease of soybean. Acta Botanica Indica, 6 ( Suppl. ): 169 - 170 .
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
uncertain
TRSV00-6, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-11
Tobacco ringspot virus is primarily vectored by dagger nematodes. Seed transmission in lettuce is uncertain as reports of this pathway come only from artificially inoculated plants in controlled studies, with no evidence of natural seed transmission. Mechanical spread is possible.
2025-09-17 09:08:12
Grogan, RG, and Schnathorst, WC, 1955. Tobacco ringspot virus-The cause of lettuce calico. Plant Disease Reporter 39: 803-806
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Iizuka N, 1973. Seed transmission of viruses in soybean. Bulletin of the Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station. 46:131-141.
Pelargonium spp.
geranium
uncertain
CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-10
Tobacco ringspot virus is primarily vectored by dagger nematodes. Seed transmission in geranium has been reported under controlled, artificially inoculated conditions, but its occurrence under natural conditions is unconfirmed and remains uncertain. Mechanical spread and nematode vectors are considered the main routes of infection.
2025-09-17 09:08:39
Petunia spp.
petunia
uncertain
CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-10, TRSV00-21
Tobacco ringspot virus is primarily vectored by dagger nematodes. Seed transmission in petunia is uncertain; it is often speculated based on a single dated laboratory study with one isolate, and no evidence exists for natural seed transmission. Mechanical spread and nematode vectors remain the main confirmed routes of infection.
2025-09-17 09:14:00
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Scarborough BA and Smith SH. 1975. Seed transmission of tobacco and tomato ringspot viruses in geraniums. Phytopathology 65:835-836.
Rani, S., Verma, H.N., Verma, G.S., 1969. A virus disease of Petunia hybrida. Plant Disease Reporter, 53 : 903 - 907.
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
No
TRSV00-2, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-10, TRSV00-13, TRSV00-22
No references found indicating tomato seed is a pathway.
No
2025-09-17 09:17:43
Richrdson, MJ 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Foruth Ed. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Scarborough BA and Smith SH. 1975. Seed transmission of tobacco and tomato ringspot viruses in geraniums. Phytopathology 65:835-836.
Stace-Smith, R., 1985 . Tobacco ringspot virus. In: CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, ( No. 309 ). Wellesbourne, UK : Association of Applied Biologists . 6 pp .
Šneideris, D., Zitikaitė, I., Žižytė, M., Grigaliūnaitė, B., Staniulis, J., 2012 . Identification of nepoviruses in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).Žemdirbystė (Agriculture), 99 ( 2 ): 173 - 178.
Zinnia spp.
zinnia
No
CABI CPC, DPV WEB, TRSV00-11
Tobacco ringspot virus is primarily vectored by dagger nematodes. Seed transmission in zinnia is uncertain; it is often speculated based on a single dated reference from Japan, which could not be verified and may have involved only laboratory conditions rather than naturally infected seed. Mechanical spread and nematode vectors remain the main confirmed routes of infection.
2025-09-17 09:19:25
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