Stemphylium vesicarium
onion leaf blight
Pleospora alli, Helminthosporium vesicarium, Macrosporium alliorum, Mystrosporium alliorum, Macrosporium parasiticum, Stemphylium parasiticum
Worldwide
AZ, CA, FL, MI, MN, NM, NY, TX, WA
2024-10-22
fungus
-
Main: onion, garlic, asparagus, soybean, alfalfa, tomato; Other: leek, sunflower, lettuce, radish.
PLEOAL
Ascospores (P. allii) and conidia (S. vesicarium) are mainly wind-blown or water-dispersed.
7 Known Hosts
Allium cepa
onion
Yes
PLEOAL-10, PLEOAL-8, CABICPC
Seed as a pathway is documented and accepted. It is more severe under warm and moist conditions.
Yes
Agar Incubation
This test has not been validated or standardized
PLEOAL-10, PLEOAL-12, NSHSUSDA
Cultural, Chemical
Early detection is possible by trapping air-born conidia using spore traps. Remove or bury plant debris to reduce primary inoculum. Allow adequate airflow, avoid long periods of leaf wetness, reduce plant density, and include good drainage. Seed treatments effective.
PLEOAL-10, PLEOAL-12
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, switzerland
Jakhar SS, Suhag LS, Duhan JC, 1994. Prevalence and incidence of Stemphylium blight of onion (Allium cepa L.) and its management through cultural practices. Crop Research (Hisar), 8(3):562-564 (See CABI)
Aveling, T.A.S., Snyman, H.G. and Naude, S.P. (1993). Evaluation of seed treatments for reducing Alternaria porri and Stemphylium vesicarium on onion seed. Plant Disease, 77, 1009-1011.
Glycine max
soybean
No
PLEOAL-11
No references found indicating seed is a pathway for this crop. Only one reference found indicating this is a host for the pathogen (PLEOAL-11)
Darrag IE, Zayed MA, El-Mosallamy HM, El-Gantiry SM, 1982. Studies on Stemphylium leaf spot of soybean in Egypt. Agricultural Research Review, 60(2):93-103
Helianthus annuus
sunflower
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway for this crop.
Medicago sativa
alfalfa
Uncertain
PLEOAL-9, CABICPC, PLEOAL-14
Only one reference found indicating that seed may be a pathway. This pathogen has only been reported on alfalfa in South Africa and Australia.
Hot water and sodium hypochloride followed by thiram effectiveÂ
PLEOAL-9
Lamprecht SC, Knox-Davies PS, 1984. Stemphylium vesicarium on lucerne (Medicago sativa) seeds in South Africa. Phytophylactica, 16(3):189-19
Díaz-Valderrama, J. R., Casa-Coila, V. H., Sencia-Torres, V., Macedo-Valdivia, D., Zanabria-Gálvez, S. J., Baributsa, D., & Woloshuk, C. (2021). First report of Stemphylium leaf spot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Peru. Plant Disease, 105(4), 1196.
Petroselinum crispum
parsley
Uncertain
PLEOAL-2
Only found on artificially inoculated seeds. No reports of natural seed contamination.
Yes
Blotter incubation
Used Blotter incubation on artificially inoculated seeds only. This method has not been standardized or validated. Natural seed contamination is not reported.
PLEOAL-2
Removal or burial of plant debris through cultivation at the end of the season significantly reduced pathogen spores.
PLEOAL-1, PLEOAL-12, PLEOAL-8
Koike, S. T., O’Neill, N., Wolf, J., Van Berkum, P., and Daugovish, O. 2013. Stemphylium leaf spot of parsley in California caused by Stemphylium vesicarium . Plant Dis. 97:315-322.
Stemphylium vesicarium In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc. In:
Aveling, T.A.S., Snyman, H.G. and Naude, S.P. (1993). Evaluation of seed treatments for reducing Alternaria porri and Stemphylium vesicarium on onion seed. Plant Disease, 77, 1009-1011.
Jakhar SS, Suhag LS, Duhan JC, 1994. Prevalence and incidence of Stemphylium blight of onion (Allium cepa L.) and its management through cultural practices. Crop Research (Hisar), 8(3):562-564 (See CABI)
Raphanus sativus
radish
No
PLEOAL-3
Isolated from radish sprouts. No references found indicating seed for planting is a pathway.
Yes
Blotter incubation
This test has not been standardized or validated for planting seed.
PLEOAL-3
A. Belisario, S. Vitale, and L. Luongo 2008, First Report of Stemphylium vesicarium as Causal Agent of Wilting and Root Rotting of Radish Sprouts in Italy. Plant Disease 92: 651
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway for this crop.
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