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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (rice leaf blight )
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
rice leaf blight
Bacterium oryzae, Phytomonas oryzae, Pseudomonas oryzae, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae, Xanthomonas itoana, Xanthomonas kresek, Xanthomonas oryzae, Xanthomonas translucens f. sp. oryzae
Africa: Benin, Burkino Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda; Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; North America: Bonaire, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama; Oceania: Australia; South America; Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela.
Eradicated in 1980's
2024-07-22
bacterium
Brazil, China
Rice is considered the main host. It is known to be a wild or cultivated host in Poaceae.
XANTOR
Highly pathogenic strains eradicated in the US in late 1980's. (Recent strains of Xanthomonads on rice in LA and TX were genetically distinct from this pathvar and weakly pathogenic (XANTOR-10).
2 Known Hosts
Cynodon dactylon
bermuda grass
uncertain
XANTOR-4, XANTOR-10, CABICPC, XANTOR-12, XANTOR-13, XANTOR-14
Bermuda grass is well documented as a wild host of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice production; however reports of seed transmission in this species could not be found.
Chemical, Cultural
Removal of plants and chemcial treatments during the growing season have proven effective.
CABICPC, EPPO
XANTOR-4
Kauffman HE, Reddy APK, 1975. Seed transmission studies of Xanthomonas oryzae in rice. Phytopathology, 65:663-666
XANTOR-10
Triplett, L. R., J. P. Hamilton, C. R. Buell, N. A. Tisserat, V. Verdier, F. Zink, and J. E. Leach. 2011. Genomic Analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae Isolates from Rice Grown in the United States Reveals Substantial Divergence from Known X. oryzae Pathovars. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77: 3930–3937
CABICPC
XANTOR-12
USDA-ARS (2013) Recovery Plan for Xanthomonas oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight and Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice
XANTOR-13
Shekhar, S., Sinha, D., & Kumari, A. (2020). An overview of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice and different strategies for its management. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 9(4), 2250-2265.
XANTOR-14
Ali, M., Singh, R., Lal, M., Chaudhary, S., Kumar, S., & Ahmad, S. (2019). Determination the role of weeds hosts in spreading of sheath blight from weeds to rice crop in western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(9), 972-982.
EPPO
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Oryza sativa
rice
Yes
XANTOR-1, XANTOR-4, XANTOR-8, XANTOR-10
Seed as a pathway is documented and accepted.
Yes
Culture plating, PCR, ELISA, IF, Liquid plating
These tests have not been validated or standardized.
XANTOR-2, XANTOR-3, XANTOR-4, XANTOR-6, XANTOR-7
Chemical, Cultural
Various seed treatments have been suggested. Phytosanitary control and quarantine measures have been important in preventing spread of the pathogen.
XANTOR-9
XANTOR-1
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
XANTOR-4
Kauffman HE, Reddy APK, 1975. Seed transmission studies of Xanthomonas oryzae in rice. Phytopathology, 65:663-666
XANTOR-8
Singh RA, Rao MHS, 1977. A simple technique for detecting Xanthomonas oryzae in rice seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 5:123-127
XANTOR-10
Triplett, L. R., J. P. Hamilton, C. R. Buell, N. A. Tisserat, V. Verdier, F. Zink, and J. E. Leach. 2011. Genomic Analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae Isolates from Rice Grown in the United States Reveals Substantial Divergence from Known X. oryzae Pathovars. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77: 3930–3937
XANTOR-2
Swings J, Mooter M van den, Vauterin L, Hoste B, Gillis M, Mew TW, Kersters K, 1990. Reclassification of the causal agents of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) and bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola) of rice as pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) sp. nov., nom. rev. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 40:309-311
XANTOR-3
Sakthivel N, Mortensen CN, Mathur SB, 2001. Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in artificially inoculated and naturally infected rice seeds and plants by molecular techniques. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56:435-441.
XANTOR-6
Zhu H, Gao JL, Li QX, Hu GX, 1988. Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae in rice by monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College, 9:41-43
XANTOR-7
Alvarez AM, Rehman FU, Leach JE, 1997. Comparison of serological and molecular methods for detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, In Rice Seed. Seed health testing: progress towards the 21st century., 175-183
XANTOR-9
Singh RA, Rao MHS, 1982. Evaluation of several chemical treatments for eradicating Xanthomonas oryzae from rice seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 10:119-123
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