Africa: Egypt; Asia: Japan, South Korea; Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands; North America: USA.
AR, CA, CO, DE, FL, MD, NJ, NY, OK, TX, VI
2025-06-06
fungus
Brazil
spinach
PEROFS
Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, mainly referred to as Peronospora effusa is primarily spread through airborne sporangia, but oospores can also be seedborne directly infecting seedlings making seed a well-accepted pathway for this fungus.
Seed as a pathway is well established and accepted.
Yes
Wash Test, Grow out
Wash test is a standard method of the NSHS. NSHS NSHS Method: Lcb 3.1 Wash Test. Commercially available growout testing also available.
NSHS has two standard wash methods.
PEROFS-4, NSHS USDA
Biological, Chemical, cultural
Spinach downy mildew is effectively managed in conventional production through a combination of resistant cultivars, preventive fungicides, seed treatments, crop rotation, debris removal, and reduced leaf wetness.
Voll, E., A. M. Brighenti, D. L. P. Gazziero, and F. S. Aegas. 2004. Dinâmica da população de Cardiospermum halicacabum e competição com a cultura da soja. Pesquisa Agropecuaris Brasileira. Brasília. 39(1):27-33.
Kandel, S. L., Mou, B., Shishkoff, N., Shi, A., Subbarao, K. V., and Klosterman, S. J. 2019. Spinach downy mildew: Advances in our understanding of the disease cycle and prospects for disease management. Plant Dis. 103:791‐803.
Klosterman, S. J., Clark, K. J., Anchieta, A. G., Kandel, S. L., Mou, B., McGrath, M. T., ... & Shishkoff, N. (2024). Transmission of spinach downy mildew via seed and infested leaf debris. Plant Disease, 108(4), 951-959.
Fletcher, K., Shin, O.-H., Clark, K. J., Feng, C., Putman, A. I., Correll, J. C., Klosterman, S. J., Van Deynze, A., and Michelmore, R. W. 2022. Ancestral chromosomes for family Peronosporaceae inferred from a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Peronospora effusa. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 35:450‐463.
Feng, C., Saito, K., Liu, B., Manley, A., Kammeijer, K., Mauzey, S. J., Koike, S., and Correll, J. C. 2018. New races and novel strains of the spinach downy mildew pathogen Peronospora effusa. Plant Dis. 102:613‐618.
Dhillon, B., Feng, C., Villarroel-Zeballos, M. I., Castroagudin, V. L., Bhattarai, G., Klosterman, S. J., and Correll, J. C. 2020. Sporangiospore viability and oospore production in the spinach downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora effusa. Plant Dis. 104:2634‐2641.