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Plenodomus lindquistii (black stem of sunflower )
Plenodomus lindquistii
black stem of sunflower
Phoma macdonalii, Leptosphaeria lindquistii, Phoma oleracea var. helianthi-tuberosi
Asia: China; Europe: France, Romania, Russia; North America: USA
MN, ND, SD, TX
2025-07-15
fungus
China, Korea
Main: sunflower
LEPTLI
Plenodomus lindquistii is primarily spread through infected seed and crop residues. The fungus survives in soil via infected plant debris, and conidia are spread locally by rain splash, irrigation water, tools, and possibly wind. This pathogen probably occurs wherever sunflower is cultivated.
1 Known Hosts
Helianthus annuus
sunflower
Yes
LEPTLI-2, LEPTLI-4, LEPTLI-5
Seed is a pathway, though it is minor compared to debris and rain splash and insects.
Yes
Blotter incubation, agar plating, PCR
These tests have not been standardized or validated.
LEPTLI-2, LEPTLI-5
Chemical, cultural
Fungicides may contribute to the relative minor importance of seed as a pathway. Seed conditioning and removal of debris. Use resistant cultivars, crop rotation, and sanitation.
LEPTLI-5, LEPTLI-6
2025-07-15 14:27:43
LEPTLI-2
Luo, Wu, Liu, Liao, Liu, Zhang and Huang. 2011. Detection and identification of Phoma macdonaldii in sunflower seeds imported from Argentina. Australasian Plant Pathol. 40:504–509.
LEPTLI-4
Schwartz, HF and Markell, SG. 2016. Phoma Black Stem. In, Compendium of Sunflower Diseases and Pests. Harveson RM, Markell, SG. Block, CC and Gulya, TJ, eds. American Phytopathogical Society, St. Paul, MN, USA
LEPTLI-5
Masirevic SN, Medic-Pap SS,Terzic AN, Dedic BP, Balalic ID, 2014. Phoma macdonaldi on seed and its importance in etiology of Phoma black stem in sunflower. http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0352-4906/2014/0352-49061426057M.pdf
LEPTLI-6
Debaekea, P, and Peres, A. 2003. Influence of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop management on Phoma black stem (Phoma macdonaldii Boerema). Crop Protection 22: 741–752
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