Chrysanthemum stunt viroid
measles of chrysanthemum, mum stunt
Chrysanthemum stunt pospiviroid, Chrysanthemum stunt virus
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda; Asia: China, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey; Europe: Belgium, Czechia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, South America: Brazil, Colombia.
KS, MI, MN, NY, PA
2025-06-18
viroid
Mexico
Main: Chrysanthemum morifolium; Other: Ageratum spp., Argyranthemum frutescens, Petunia hybrida
CSVD00
Chrysanthemum stunt viroid spreads most efficiently through vegetative propagation, where infected mother plants pass the viroid to cuttings. It is easily transmitted through grafting, sap contact, and the use of contaminated tools or hands. Seed and pollen transmission is possible but variable, with evidence of transmission in both chrysanthemum (under certain conditions) and tomato.
4 Known Hosts
Chrysanthemum spp.
chrysanthemum
Uncertain
CABI CPC, CSVd00-3, CSVd00-4, CSVd00-5, EPPO, CSVD00-8, CSVD00-11, CSVD00-12
Seed transmission of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in chrysanthemum seed is uncertain, with conflicting findings across studies. Some report no transmission, while others observed rates ranging from 6.7% to 96%, influenced by whether one or both parent plants were infected and possibly by temperature during pollination.
Yes
RT-PCR
This method was used in research and has not been standardized or validated for clinical use.
CABI CPC, EPPO, CSVD00-11, CSVD00-14
Cultural, mechanical
Chrysanthemum stunt viroid can be managed by using certified virus-free seed, removing infected plants, and disinfecting tools and hands between plant handling to prevent mechanical spread.
EPPO, CSVD00-11
2025-06-18 19:01:41
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Chung, B.N. and Pak, H.S., 2008. Seed transmission of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in Chrysanthemum. The Plant Pathology Journal, 24:31-35.
Hattori, H., Nakamura, Y., Hirano, T., Fukuta, S., Kuwayama, S. and Ohishi, K., 2012. Seed transmission of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in chrysanthemums. Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society 54:71-75.
Hollings M, Stone OM, 1973. Some properties of chrysanthemum stunt, a virus with the characteristics of an uncoated ribonucleic acid. Annals of applied Biology, 74:333-348
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Monsion M, Bachelier J-C, Dunez J, 1973. Quelques proprietes d'un viroide: le rabougrissement du chrysanthFme. Annales de Phytopathologie, 5:467-469.
Cho, W. K., Jo, Y., Jo, K. M., & Kim, K. H. (2013). A current overview of two viroids that infect chrysanthemums: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid. Viruses, 5(4), 1099-1113.
Sugiura, H.; Hanada, K. Chrysanthemum stunt viroid, a disease of large-flowered chrysanthemum [Dendranthema] in Niigata prefecture [Japan]. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1998, 67, 432–438
El-Dougdoug, K.A.; Rezk, A.A.; Rehab, D.A.; Sofy, A.R. Partially nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid Egyptian isolate from infected-chrysanthemum plants. Int. J. Virol. 2012, 8, 133–150.
Dahlia spp.
dahlia
No
CSVd00-7, CSVD00-11
No evidence that Dahlia seed is a pathway. The reference above only concluded that Dahlia spp. may be a natural host.
2025-06-18 19:03:38
Nakashima, A., Hosokawa, M., Maeda, S. and Yazawa, S., 2007. Natural infection of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in dahlia plants. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 73:225-227.
Cho, W. K., Jo, Y., Jo, K. M., & Kim, K. H. (2013). A current overview of two viroids that infect chrysanthemums: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid. Viruses, 5(4), 1099-1113.
Petunia spp.
petunia
No
CSVd00-6
No evidence that petunia seed is a pathway.
2025-06-18 19:04:25
Verhoeven, J.T.J., Arts, M.S.J., Owens, R.A. and Roenhorst, J.W., 1998. Natural infection of petunia by chrysanthemum stunt viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104:383-386.
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
uncertain
CSVd00-2, CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, CSVD00-11
Tomato only shown as a host in laboratory experiments using artificially infected plants. Seed showed the presence of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid serologically but not visually.
Yes
RT-PCR
This test is available commercially, but has not been standardized or validated.
2025-06-18 19:06:12
Kryczynski S, Paduch-Cichal E, Skrzeczkowski LJ, 1988. Transmission of three viroids through seed and pollen of tomato plants. Journal of Phytopathology 121: 51-57
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Cho, W. K., Jo, Y., Jo, K. M., & Kim, K. H. (2013). A current overview of two viroids that infect chrysanthemums: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid. Viruses, 5(4), 1099-1113.
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