Squash mosaic virus
                        squash mosaic
                        Cucurbit ring mosaic virus, Muskmelon mosaic comovirus, Muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, pumpkin mosaic virus, squash mosaic comovirus
                        Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia; Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Philippines, Syria, Turkey, Yemen; Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechia, Greece, Italy, Netherlands; North America: Canada, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Samoa; South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela.
                        AL, AZ, AR, CA, FL, IL, MA, MI, NY, OK, TX, WI
                        2024-12-22
                        virus
                        Korea, Mexico
                        Main: Cucurbitaceae family. Also infects Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae
                        SQMV00
                        Squash mosaic virus is transmitted by numerous insect species, mostly beetles. Seed is also a pathway for certain species. 
                        
                5 Known Hosts
            
             Citrullus lanatus
                                        watermelon
                                        uncertain
                                        SQMV00-10, SQMV00-9, CABI CPC, DPV WEB
                                        No field observations of squash mosaic virus in watermelon. Watermelon infection by squash mosaic virus only an experimental curiosity and not found in nature.                                            
                                        yes
                                        ELISA and grow out
                                        This method is the standard method of the NSHS.
                                        ELISA, positive confirmation by Grow out is the standard method of the NSHS.                                             
                                        NSHS USDA
                                        Chemical, cultural
                                        Insecticides to control beetle populations can reduce spread. Remove infected seedlings. Use disease-free seed.                                            
                                        CABI CPC
                                        2024-12-22 14:43:05
                                        International Seed Federation Pest List Database.  http://www.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
                                            Nelson, MR, and Kunhtsen HK, 1973, Squash mosaic virus variability: epidemiological consequences of differences in seed transmission frequency between strains. Phytopathology 63:918-920
                                            Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
                                            Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
                                            United Stated Department of Agriculture,  Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS)  www.seedhealth.org
                                             Cucubita pepo
                                        squash, gourd
                                        uncertain
                                        SQMV00-10, SQMV00-9, DPV WEB
                                        Seed transmission in squash has only been shown in plants artificially inoculated with the virus. Natural outbreaks due to seed transmission have not been reported in squash.  No references found indicating seed is a pathway in gourd.                                             
                                        Yes
                                        ELISA, Grow out
                                        Though seed is not known to be a pathway in squash, commercial testing is sometimes offered. This is the standard method of the NSHS.
                                        ELISA, positive confirmation by Grow out is the standard method of the NSHS                                                     
                                        NSHS USDA
                                        2024-12-22 14:47:18
                                        International Seed Federation Pest List Database.  http://www.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
                                            Nelson, MR, and Kunhtsen HK, 1973, Squash mosaic virus variability: epidemiological consequences of differences in seed transmission frequency between strains. Phytopathology 63:918-920
                                            Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
                                            United Stated Department of Agriculture,  Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS)  www.seedhealth.org
                                             Cucumis melo
                                        melon
                                        Yes
                                        SQMV00-10, SQMV00-2, SQMV00-3, SQMV00-9, CABI CPC
                                        Seed transmission in Cucumis melo is well documented and accepted.  Melons are the most economically effected crop.                                            
                                        Yes
                                        ELISA, Grow out
                                        This method is the standard method of the NSHS.
                                        ELISA, positive confirmation by Grow out is the standard method of the NSHS                                            
                                        Chemical, cultural
                                        Insecticides to control beetle populations can reduce spread. Remove infected seedlings. Use disease-free seed.                                             
                                        CABI CPC
                                        2024-12-22 14:20:30
                                        International Seed Federation Pest List Database.  http://www.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
                                            Freitag JH, 1956. Beetle transmission, host range and properties of squash mosaic virus. Phytopathology, 46:73-81
                                            Kendrick JB, 1934. Cucurbit mosaic transmitted by muskmelon seed. Phytopathology, 24:820-823
                                            Nelson, MR, and Kunhtsen HK, 1973, Squash mosaic virus variability: epidemiological consequences of differences in seed transmission frequency between strains. Phytopathology 63:918-920
                                            Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
                                             Cucumis sativus
                                        cucumber
                                        No
                                        SQMV00-10
                                        There is no evidence that cucumber seed is a pathway for this virus.                                            
                                        Though seed is not a pathway, commercial testing is available using the NSHS standard ELISA and grow-out confirmation.
                                        2024-12-22 14:48:01
                                        International Seed Federation Pest List Database.  http://www.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
                                             Cucurbita spp.
                                        pumpkin
                                        Yes
                                        SQMV00-10, SQMV00-9, CABI CPC, DPV WEB
                                        Seed transmission in pumpkin is  known to occur, though infrequently. It is not clear if seed from pumpkin varieties of C pepo can be a pathway or if seed transmission is in other pumpkin species.                                            
                                        Yes
                                        ELISA, Grow out
                                        This is the standard method of the NSHS.
                                        ELISA, positive confirmation by Grow out is the standard method of the NSHS                                            
                                        2024-12-22 14:49:48
                                        International Seed Federation Pest List Database.  http://www.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
                                            Nelson, MR, and Kunhtsen HK, 1973, Squash mosaic virus variability: epidemiological consequences of differences in seed transmission frequency between strains. Phytopathology 63:918-920
                                            Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
                                            Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
                                            
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