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Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches broom disease of cacao )
Moniliophthora perniciosa
witches broom disease of cacao
Crinipellis perniciosa, Marasmius perniciosus
Africa: Angola; North America: Belize, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Panama, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago; South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.
Not known to occur
2025-10-30
fungus
China
Main: cocoa
CRNPPE
Moniliophthora perniciosa causes Witches’ Broom Disease in cocoa, leading to abnormal shoots, swollen stems, and reduced pod production. It spreads via wind- and rain-dispersed spores and infected plant material. Seed is not a known pathway.
2 Hosts
Capsicum annuum
pepper
No
CRNPPE-2, CRNPPE-3, CABI CPC, CRNPPE-4, CRNPPE-5
A biotype of this pathogen (S-biotype) found in wild species of solanum in Brazil has caused disease in tomato and pepper when artificially inoculated in the greenhouse. This pathogen, however, is not known to infect tomato or pepper under natural conditions.
2025-11-05 18:54:13
CRNPPE-2
Marelli, J.P., Maximova, S.N., Gramacho, K.P., Kang, S. and Guiltinan, M.J., 2009. Infection biology of Moniliophthora perniciosa on Theobroma cacao and alternate solanaceous hosts. Tropical Plant Biology, 2:149-160.
CRNPPE-3
Griffith GW, Hedger JN, 1994. The breeding biology of biotypes of the witches' broom pathogen of cocoa, Crinipellis perniciosa. Heredity, 72:278-289
CABI CPC
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
CRNPPE-4
Patrocínio, N. G. R. B., Ceresini, P. C., Gomes, L. I. S., Resende, M. L. V., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Gramacho, K. P., 2017. Population structure and migration of the witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa from cacao and cultivated and wild solanaceous hosts in southeastern Brazil.Plant Pathology, 66(6) 900-911.
CRNPPE-5
Evans, H. C. (2016). Witches’ broom disease (Moniliophthora perniciosa): history and biology. In Cacao diseases: A history of old enemies and new encounters (pp. 137-177). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
No
CRNPPE-2, CRNPPE-3, CABI CPC, CRNPPE-4, CRNPPE-5
A biotype of this pathogen (S-biotype) found in wild species of solanum in Brazil has caused disease in tomato and pepper when artificially inoculated in the greenhouse. This pathogen, however, is not known to infect tomato or pepper under natural conditions.
2025-11-05 18:54:47
CRNPPE-2
Marelli, J.P., Maximova, S.N., Gramacho, K.P., Kang, S. and Guiltinan, M.J., 2009. Infection biology of Moniliophthora perniciosa on Theobroma cacao and alternate solanaceous hosts. Tropical Plant Biology, 2:149-160.
CRNPPE-3
Griffith GW, Hedger JN, 1994. The breeding biology of biotypes of the witches' broom pathogen of cocoa, Crinipellis perniciosa. Heredity, 72:278-289
CABI CPC
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
CRNPPE-4
Patrocínio, N. G. R. B., Ceresini, P. C., Gomes, L. I. S., Resende, M. L. V., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Gramacho, K. P., 2017. Population structure and migration of the witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa from cacao and cultivated and wild solanaceous hosts in southeastern Brazil.Plant Pathology, 66(6) 900-911.
CRNPPE-5
Evans, H. C. (2016). Witches’ broom disease (Moniliophthora perniciosa): history and biology. In Cacao diseases: A history of old enemies and new encounters (pp. 137-177). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
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