Verticillium dahliae
verticillium wilt
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
2022-11-11
fungus
China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
VERTDA
Prevalent in China
22 Known Hosts
Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera
sugar beet
No
VERTDA-8,VERTDA-9
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on sugarbeet. No references found indicating seed is a pathway in sugarbeet.
Brantner, J.R., Windels, C.E., and Omer, M.A. 2008. Verticillium dahliae causes wilt on sugar beet following potato in eastern North Dakota. Pl. Health Progr. Online: 1-3.
Karadimos DA, Karaoglanidis GS, Klonari K, 2000. First report of Verticillium wilt of sugarbeet. Plant Disease, 84:593
Brassica napus
rapeseed
No
VERTDA-10,VERTDA-16
Pathway not proven. Only one reference found indicating seed may be a pathway but only 1 sample of 74 seed samples tested was found with external Verticillium dahliae. No other references found.
Heppner C, Heitefuss R, 1995. Investigations on the occurrence of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and other fungi on seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzger). Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 47:57-61
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Brassica olerecea vars.
cabbage, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, broccoli
No
VERTDA-16,VERTDA-11,VERTDA-26
Pathway not proven. Verticillium dahliae has been reported on these crops, and is considered an important pathogen of cauliflower in California. Some references list seed as a pathway for this fungus in these crops but no data is presented. No references were found with conclusive seed data.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Koike ST, Subbarao KV, Davis RM, Gordon TR, Hubbard JC, 1994. Verticillium wilt of cauliflower in California. Plant Disease, 78:1116-1121
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Brassica rapa
chinese cabbage, turnip
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on this crop, but not considered an important pathogen. No references found indicating that seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Capsicum annuum
pepper
No
VERTDA-16,VERTDA-26
No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in pepper.
Citrullus lanatus
watermelon
No
VERTDA-12,VERTDA-16,VERTDA-26
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on watermelon. No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in watermelon.
Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Subbarao, K.V., and Isakeit, T. 2007. First Report of Verticillium Wilt of Watermelon in the Texas High Plains. Pl. Dis. 91: 1053
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Cucumis melo
melon
No
VERTDA-16,VERTDA-26
Verticillium dahliae is a ubiquitous soil borne fungus and is the causal agent of wilt of melon. No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in melon.
Glycine max
soybean
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on soybean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Gossypium spp.
cotton
No
VERTDA-14,VERTDA-17
Pathway not proven. Several reports of isolation of the pathogen from de-linted cotton seed have been reported, but evidence supporting seed as a pathway is limited. Seed as a pathway is not considered an important means of dispersal.
Fungicides carbendazim or ethylene thiosulphonate have been used for general fungus control. Â Acid De-linting also for general fungus control
Resistant varieties common
VERTDA-21
Sackston WE, 1983. Epidemiology and control of seed-borne Verticillium spp. causing vascular wilt. Seed Science and Technology, 11:731-747.
Evans G, Wilhelm S, Snyder WC, 1966. Dissemination of the verticillium wilt fungus with cotton seed. Phytopathology, 56:460-461.
Shen CY, 1985. Integrated management of Fusarium and Verticillium wilts of cotton in China. Crop Protection, 4:337-345.
Helianthus annuus
sunflower
Yes
VERTDA-13,VERTDA-14,VERTDA-15,VERTDA-25
Seed as a pathway for moving Verticillium dahliae to new locations is documented in sunflower. Very little information on seed transmission. Though with the establishment of resistant varieties, the disease is less important.
Resistant varieties are common
Sackston, W E. 1981. The Sunflower Crop and Disease: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. Plant disease 65: 643-648.
Sackston WE, 1983. Epidemiology and control of seed-borne Verticillium spp. causing vascular wilt. Seed Science and Technology, 11:731-747.
Ataga AE, Akueshi CO, 1996. Fungi associated with sunflower seed in Nigeria. Seed Research, 24:64-65
Bruni, O. 1970. New investigations on the sunflowere disease caused by Verticilium dahliae Kleb. INTA Publication #39. Argentina
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
Yes
VERTDA-3,VERTDA-26
Verticillium dahliae is a ubiquitous soilborne fungus with a wide host range. Seedborne transmission was shown experimentally under greenhouse conditions, however, the role of seed as a pathway in the epidemiology of the disease has limited importance. The impact of other sources in proximity to lettuce and seed infection of nearby weeds has been shown to be a more important aspect of the disease epidemiology.
Yes
Blotter Incubation
This method has not been validated or standardized
VERTDA-3
Vallad, G.E., Bhat, R.G., Koike, S.T., Ryder, E.J. and Subbarao, K.V. (2005). Weedborne reservoirs and seedborne transmission of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce. Plant Disease, 89, 317-324.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Medicago sativa
alfalfa
No
VERTDA-16,VERTDA-18
Pathway not proven. Verticillium wilt of alfalfa is primarily caused by Verticillium albo-atrum. Verticillium dahliae was isolated on seed, but these isolates were not pathogenic on alfalfa.
Pisum sativum
pea
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on pea, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Raphanus sativus
radish
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on radish, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Solanum melongena
eggplant
No
VERTDA-19,VERTDA-26
Pathway not proven. Though the pathogen was recovered on seed in a blotter incubation test in the laboratory, there is no evidence of seed transmission in nature.
Yes
Blotter incubation
This method has not been validated or standardized
VERTDA-19
Spinacia oleracea
spinach
Yes
VERTDA-5,VERTDA-26
Seed is a known pathway for Verticillium dahliae in spinach and the recommended management strategy is to evaluate seed productions by field inspection or seed testing of a representative sample of each seed lot.
Yes
Freezer Blotter, Agar methods
These methods have been validated and standardized.
Both methods are standard methods of the NSHS
VERTDA-7,VERTDA-26
Yes, disinfestation with 1.2 chlorine or hot water, though the later affected seed quality
VERTDA-5
du Toit, L.J. and Hernandez-Perez, P. (2005). Efficacy of hot water and chlorine for eradication of Cladosporium variabile, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae from spinach seed. Plant Disease, 89 (12), 1305-1312.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Seed Health Testing Method for Verticillium dahlia Lcb 4.1 National Seed Health System. http://www.seedhealth.org
Vicia faba
faba bean
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on bean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Apium graveolens
celery
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on celery, but verticillium wilt is usually caused by Verticillium albo-atrum and celery is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Cucumis sativus
cucumber
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on cucumber but is not an important host. No references were found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Cucurbita spp.
squash, pumpkin, gourd
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on squash, pumpkin, but they are not an important hosts. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Phaseolus vulgaris
common bean
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on bean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
No
VERTDA-22,VERTDA-23,VERTDA-26
Pathway not proven. Verticillium dahliae is a ubiquitous soilborne fungus with a wide host range. Early reports of seed transmission or dissemination have not been substantiated in field grown tomatoes. The role of seed as a pathway in the epidemiology of the disease has limited importance and modern seed production practices may prevent and limit seed dissemination.
Yes, van Koot, 1949 suggested hot water (45-50 C) for 30 mins.
This article suggests that this treatment could be used on growers saving seed. The role of seed as a pathway has not ben substatined in modern seed prodcution practices.
VERTDA-24
Rudolph, B.A. 1944. The unimportance of tomato seed in the dissemination of Verticillium wilt in California. Phytopathology 34:622–630.
Kadow, K. J. 1934. Seed transmission of Verticillium wilt of eggplants and tomatoes. Phytopathology 24:1265-1268.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
van Koot, Y and Brons, EC. 1949. Production and disinfestation of tomato seed. Review of Applied Mycology 28:493
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