Verticillium dahliae
verticillium wilt
Verticillium albo-atrum f. angustum.
Verticillium albo-atrum var. chlamydosporale
Verticillium albo-atrum var. dahliae
Verticillium albo-atrum var. medium.
Verticillium dahliae f. angustum
Verticillium dahliae f. cerebriforme
Verticillium dahliae f. chlamydosporale
Verticillium dahliae f. medium
Verticillium dahliae f. zonatum
Verticillium ovatum
Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
2022-11-11
fungus
China
Verticillium dahliae has a broad host range, infecting both woody and herbaceous plants, including ornamentals, native species, and weeds. Economically important hosts include artichoke, eggplant, bell pepper, cotton, hop, lettuce, mints, oilseed rape, olive, potato, strawberry, and tomato.
VERTDA
Prevalent in China
22 Known Hosts
Apium graveolens
celery
no
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC, EPPO
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on celery, but verticillium wilt is usually caused by Verticillium albo-atrum and celery is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 17:51:23
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera
sugar beet
No
VERTDA-8, VERTDA-9, CABI CPC, EPPO, VERTDA-35
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on sugarbeet. No references found indicating seed is a pathway in sugarbeet.
2025-08-19 17:55:00
Brantner, J.R., Windels, C.E., and Omer, M.A. 2008. Verticillium dahliae causes wilt on sugar beet following potato in eastern North Dakota. Pl. Health Progr. Online: 1-3.
Karadimos DA, Karaoglanidis GS, Klonari K, 2000. First report of Verticillium wilt of sugarbeet. Plant Disease, 84:593
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Strausbaugh, C. A., Eujayl, I. A., & Martin, F. N. (2016). Pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility and genetic diversity of Verticillium dahliae isolates from sugar beet. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 38(4), 492–505.
Brassica napus
rapeseed
uncertain
VERTDA-10, VERTDA-11, VERTDA-16, VERTDA-27, VERTDA-28, VERTDA-29, VERTDA-32, VERTDA-33, VERTDA-34
Only one reference found indicating seed may be a pathway but only 1 sample of 74 seed samples tested was found with external Verticillium dahliae. No other references found.
2025-08-19 17:44:49
Heppner C, Heitefuss R, 1995. Investigations on the occurrence of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and other fungi on seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzger). Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 47:57-61
Koike ST, Subbarao KV, Davis RM, Gordon TR, Hubbard JC, 1994. Verticillium wilt of cauliflower in California. Plant Disease, 78:1116-1121
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
du Toit, L. (2014). Managing seed-borne diseases in vegetable seed production - Part 2. Webinar Series from the 7th Organic Seed Growers Conference.
Koike, S.T., Gladders, P. and Paulus, A.O. (2007). Vegetable Diseases: A color handbook. Academic Press: Burlington, MA, 451 pp.
Zhou, L., Hu, Q., Johansson, A. and Dixelius, C. (2006). Verticillium longisporum and V. dahliae: infection and disease in Brassica napus. Plant Pathology 55 (1)
Karapapa, V.K., Bainbridge, B.W. and Heale, J.B. (1997). Morphological and molecular characterization of Verticillium longisporum comb. Nov. pathogenic to oilseed rape. Mycological Research 101(4):1281-1294.
Zeiss, K. and von Tiedemann, A. (2002). Host specialization among vegetative compatability groups of Verticillium dahliae in relation to Verticillium longisporum. Journal of Phytopathology 150:112-119.
Kabir Z., Bhat R.G. and Subbarao, K.V. (2004). Comparison of media for recovery of Verticillium dahliae from soil. Plant Disease 1: 49-55
Brassica olerecea vars.
cabbage, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, broccoli
uncertain
VERTDA-11, VERTDA-16, VERTDA-26, CABI CPC, VERTDA-29, VERTDA-30, VERTDA-31, VERTDA-32, VERTDA-33, VERTDA-34
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on these crops, and is considered an important pathogen of cauliflower in California. Some references list seed as a pathway for this fungus in these crops but no data is presented. No references were found with conclusive seed data.
2025-08-19 17:39:15
Koike ST, Subbarao KV, Davis RM, Gordon TR, Hubbard JC, 1994. Verticillium wilt of cauliflower in California. Plant Disease, 78:1116-1121
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Zhou, L., Hu, Q., Johansson, A. and Dixelius, C. (2006). Verticillium longisporum and V. dahliae: infection and disease in Brassica napus. Plant Pathology 55 (1)
Rimmer, S.R., Shattuck, V.I. and Buchwaldt, L. (eds) (2007). Compendium of brassica diseases. APS Press. 117pp.
Koike, S.T., Subbarao, K.V., Davis, R.M., Gordon, T.R. and Hubbard, J.C. (1994). Verticillium wilt of cauliflower in California. Plant Disease 78: 1116-1121.
Karapapa, V.K., Bainbridge, B.W. and Heale, J.B. (1997). Morphological and molecular characterization of Verticillium longisporum comb. Nov. pathogenic to oilseed rape. Mycological Research 101(4):1281-1294.
Zeiss, K. and von Tiedemann, A. (2002). Host specialization among vegetative compatability groups of Verticillium dahliae in relation to Verticillium longisporum. Journal of Phytopathology 150:112-119.
Kabir Z., Bhat R.G. and Subbarao, K.V. (2004). Comparison of media for recovery of Verticillium dahliae from soil. Plant Disease 1: 49-55
Brassica rapa
chinese cabbage, turnip
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC, EPPO
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on this crop, but not considered an important pathogen. No references found indicating that seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 17:55:40
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Capsicum annuum
pepper
No
VERTDA-16, VERTDA-17, VERTDA-22, VERTDA-23, VERTDA-26, VERTDA-3, CABI CPC
No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in pepper.
2025-08-19 17:58:02
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Evans G, Wilhelm S, Snyder WC, 1966. Dissemination of the verticillium wilt fungus with cotton seed. Phytopathology, 56:460-461.
Rudolph, B.A. 1944. The unimportance of tomato seed in the dissemination of Verticillium wilt in California. Phytopathology 34:622–630.
Kadow, K. J. 1934. Seed transmission of Verticillium wilt of eggplants and tomatoes. Phytopathology 24:1265-1268.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Vallad, G.E., Bhat, R.G., Koike, S.T., Ryder, E.J. and Subbarao, K.V. (2005). Weedborne reservoirs and seedborne transmission of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce. Plant Disease, 89, 317-324.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Citrullus lanatus
watermelon
No
VERTDA-12, VERTDA-16, VERTDA-26, VERTDA-3, VERTDA-4, VERTDA-5, CABI CPC, EPPO
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on watermelon. No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in watermelon.
2025-08-19 17:59:43
Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Subbarao, K.V., and Isakeit, T. 2007. First Report of Verticillium Wilt of Watermelon in the Texas High Plains. Pl. Dis. 91: 1053
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Vallad, G.E., Bhat, R.G., Koike, S.T., Ryder, E.J. and Subbarao, K.V. (2005). Weedborne reservoirs and seedborne transmission of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce. Plant Disease, 89, 317-324.
Zitter, T.A., Hopkins, D.L. and Thomas, C.E. (Eds) (1996). Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. American Phytopathological Society (APS Press): St. Paul, Minnesota (USA). 120pp.
du Toit, L.J. and Hernandez-Perez, P. (2005). Efficacy of hot water and chlorine for eradication of Cladosporium variabile, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae from spinach seed. Plant Disease, 89 (12), 1305-1312.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Cucumis melo
melon
No
VERTDA-16, VERTDA-26, VERTDA-4, CABI CPC, ISF RPLD
Verticillium dahliae is a ubiquitous soil borne fungus and is the causal agent of wilt of melon. No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in melon.
2025-08-19 18:01:08
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Zitter, T.A., Hopkins, D.L. and Thomas, C.E. (Eds) (1996). Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. American Phytopathological Society (APS Press): St. Paul, Minnesota (USA). 120pp.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Cucumis sativus
cucumber
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC, VERTDA-36
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on cucumber but is not an important host. No references were found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 18:04:23
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Tahat, M. M., & Al-Momany, A. M. (2021). Phytochemical contents in cucumber tissues influenced by enomycorrhizal fungi and verticillium dahliae. Fresenius Environ. Bull, 30, 4262-4269.
Cucurbita pepo
pumpkin
uncertain
VERTDA-16, VERTDA-51, VERTDA-52, VERTDA-53
Seed transmission of Verticillium dahliae in pumpkin has only been reported in a single study, which found the fungus present on the seed coat, transmissible to seedlings, and removable with surface sterilization. No other publications confirm this pathway, so the role of seed in natural transmission remains uncertain.
Yes
Agar plating
VERTDA-52
cultural
Use clean seed, rotate crops, use resistent varieties.
2025-08-19 08:47:51
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Stravato, V. M., Carannante, G., Moretti, C., Cappelli, C., 2009. First report of Verticillium dahliae on squash (Cucurbita pepo) in Italy.Plant Disease, 93(7) 765.
Rampersad, S. N., 2008. First report of Verticillium dahliae causing wilt in pumpkin in Trinidad.Plant Disease, 92(7) 1136.
Tymon, L. S., Morgan, P., Gundersen, B., & Inglis, D. A. (2020). Potential of endophytic fungi collected from Cucurbita pepo roots grown under three different agricultural mulches as antagonistic endophytes to Verticillium dahliae in western Washington. Microbiological Research, 240, 126535.
Glycine max
soybean
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on soybean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 18:07:12
Gossypium spp.
cotton
uncertain
VERTDA-14, VERTDA-17, VERTDA-54
Several reports have isolated Verticillium dahliae from delinted cotton seed, and only one study found up to 30% seed infection with only 3–10% transmission to seedlings; however, evidence for seed as a major pathway is limited, and it is not regarded as an important means of dispersal.
Fungicides carbendazim or ethylene thiosulphonate have been used for general fungus control. Â Acid De-linting also for general fungus control
Resistant varieties common
VERTDA-21
2025-08-19 08:58:02
Sackston WE, 1983. Epidemiology and control of seed-borne Verticillium spp. causing vascular wilt. Seed Science and Technology, 11:731-747.
Evans G, Wilhelm S, Snyder WC, 1966. Dissemination of the verticillium wilt fungus with cotton seed. Phytopathology, 56:460-461.
Göre, M. E., Erdoğan, O., Altin, N., Aydın, M. H., Caner, Ö. K., Filizer, F., & Büyükdöğerlioğlu, A. (2011). Seed transmission of Verticillium wilt of cotton. Phytoparasitica, 39(3), 285-292.
Shen CY, 1985. Integrated management of Fusarium and Verticillium wilts of cotton in China. Crop Protection, 4:337-345.
Helianthus annuus
sunflower
Yes
VERTDA-13, VERTDA-14, VERTDA-15, VERTDA-25, CABI CPC, VERTDA-37
Seed as a pathway for moving Verticillium dahliae to new locations is documented in sunflower. Very little information on seed transmission. Though with the establishment of resistant varieties, the disease is less important.
yes
PCR
Test is not standardized.
VERTDA-37
Resistant varieties are common
2025-08-19 18:11:19
Sackston, W E. 1981. The Sunflower Crop and Disease: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. Plant disease 65: 643-648.
Sackston WE, 1983. Epidemiology and control of seed-borne Verticillium spp. causing vascular wilt. Seed Science and Technology, 11:731-747.
Ataga AE, Akueshi CO, 1996. Fungi associated with sunflower seed in Nigeria. Seed Research, 24:64-65
Bruni, O. 1970. New investigations on the sunflowere disease caused by Verticilium dahliae Kleb. INTA Publication #39. Argentina
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
García-Ruiz R, García-Carneros AB, Molinero-Ruiz L, 2014. A new race of Verticillium dahliae causing leaf mottle of sunflower in Europe. Plant Disease, 98(10):1435.
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
Yes
VERTDA-26, VERTDA-3, VERTDA-5, VERTDA-38, VERTDA-39, VERTDA-40
Verticillium dahliae is a ubiquitous soilborne fungus with a wide host range. Seedborne transmission was shown experimentally under greenhouse conditions, however, the role of seed as a pathway in the epidemiology of the disease has limited importance. The impact of other sources in proximity to lettuce and seed infection of nearby weeds has been shown to be a more important aspect of the disease epidemiology.
Yes
Blotter Incubation
This method has not been validated or standardized
VERTDA-3
2025-08-19 18:15:25
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Vallad, G.E., Bhat, R.G., Koike, S.T., Ryder, E.J. and Subbarao, K.V. (2005). Weedborne reservoirs and seedborne transmission of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce. Plant Disease, 89, 317-324.
du Toit, L.J. and Hernandez-Perez, P. (2005). Efficacy of hot water and chlorine for eradication of Cladosporium variabile, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae from spinach seed. Plant Disease, 89 (12), 1305-1312.
Atallah, Z.K., Hayes, R.J. and Subbarao, K.V. (2011). Fifteen years of Verticillium wilt of lettuce in America's salad bowl: A tale of immigration, subjugation, and abatement. Plant Disease, 95, 795.
Koike, S.T., Gladders, P. and Paulus, A.O. (2007). Vegetable Diseases: A color handbook. Academic Press: Burlington, MA, 451pp.
Subbarao, K.V. (2013). Biology and epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of lettuce. California Leafy Greens Research Program.
Medicago sativa
alfalfa
uncertain
VERTDA-16, VERTDA-18
Verticillium wilt of alfalfa is primarily caused by Verticillium albo-atrum. Verticillium dahliae was isolated on seed, but these isolates were not pathogenic on alfalfa.
2025-08-19 18:18:20
Phaseolus vulgaris
common bean
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on bean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 18:18:49
Pisum sativum
pea
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on pea, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 18:19:07
Raphanus sativus
radish
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on radish, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 18:19:32
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
uncertain
VERTDA-22, VERTDA-23, VERTDA-26, VERTDA-41, VERTDA-42, VERTDA-43, VERTDA-44, VERTDA-45, VERTDA-46, VERTDA-47, VERTDA-48
Verticillium dahliae is a ubiquitous soilborne fungus with a wide host range. Early reports of seed transmission or dissemination have not been substantiated in field grown tomatoes. The role of seed as a pathway in the epidemiology of the disease has limited importance and modern seed production practices may prevent and limit seed dissemination.
Yes
Blotter assay, Agar plating, PCR
VERTDA-41
Yes, van Koot, 1949 suggested hot water (45-50 C) for 30 mins.
This article suggests that this treatment could be used on growers saving seed. The role of seed as a pathway has not ben substatined in modern seed prodcution practices.
VERTDA-24, VERTDA-47, VERTDA-49
2025-08-19 18:20:25
Rudolph, B.A. 1944. The unimportance of tomato seed in the dissemination of Verticillium wilt in California. Phytopathology 34:622–630.
Kadow, K. J. 1934. Seed transmission of Verticillium wilt of eggplants and tomatoes. Phytopathology 24:1265-1268.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Al‐Askar, A.A., Ghoneem, K.M., Rashad, Y.M., Abdulkhair, W.M., Hafez, E.E., Shabana, Y.M. and Baka, Z.A., 2014. Occurrence and distribution of tomato seed‐borne mycoflora in Saudi Arabia and its correlation with the climatic variables. Microbial biotechnology, 7(6), pp.556-569.
Perveen, S. and Ghaffar, A., 1995. Seedborne mycoflora of Tomato. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 27(1), pp.201-208.
Kumar, S. P., Srinivasulu, A. and Babu, K. R., 2018. Symptomology of major fungal diseases on tomato and its management. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), pp.1817-1821.
Ragupathi, K.P., Renganayaki, P.R., Sundareswaran, S., Kumar, S.M. and Kamalakannan, A., 2020. Seed mycobiome of tomato cultivar PKM 1. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(6), pp.1843-1846.
Fradin, E.F. and Thomma, B.P., 2006. Physiology and molecular aspects of Verticillium wilt diseases caused by V. dahliae and V. albo‐atrum. Molecular plant pathology, 7(2), pp.71-86
Bhat, R.G. and Subbarao, K.V., 1999. Host range specificity in Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology, 89(12), pp.1218-1225.
Acharya, B., Ingram, T.W., Oh, Y., Adhikari, T.B., Dean, R.A. and Louws, F.J., 2020. Opportunities and challenges in studies of host-pathogen interactions and management of Verticillium dahliae in tomatoes. Plants, 9(11), p.1622.
aruthachalam, K., Atallah, Z.K., Vallad, G.E., Klosterman, S.J., Hayes, R.J., Davis, R.M. and Subbarao, K.V., 2010. Molecular variation among isolates of Verticillium dahliae and polymerase chain reaction-based differentiation of races. Phytopathology, 100(11), pp.1222-1230.
van Koot, Y and Brons, EC. 1949. Production and disinfestation of tomato seed. Review of Applied Mycology 28:493
Kowalska, B., 2021. Management of the soil-borne fungal pathogen–Verticillium dahliae Kleb. causing vascular wilt diseases. Journal of Plant Pathology, 103(4), pp.1185-1194.
Solanum melongena
eggplant
uncertain
VERTDA-19, VERTDA-26, VERTDA-3, CABI CPC, EPPO, VERTDA-50
Though the pathogen was recovered on seed in a blotter incubation test in the laboratory, there is no evidence of seed transmission in nature.
Yes
Blotter incubation
This method has not been validated or standardized
VERTDA-19
2025-08-19 18:28:01
Porta-Puglia A, Montorsi F, 1982. Observations on the mycoflora of eggplant seeds. Informatore Fitopatologico, 32(6):37-41
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Vallad, G.E., Bhat, R.G., Koike, S.T., Ryder, E.J. and Subbarao, K.V. (2005). Weedborne reservoirs and seedborne transmission of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce. Plant Disease, 89, 317-324.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Marois, J.J., Johnson, S.A., Dunn, M.T. and Papavizas, G.C., 1982. Biological control of Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the field. Plant Disease, 66, pp.1166-1168.
Spinacia oleracea
spinach
Yes
VERTDA-26, VERTDA-5, VERTDA-6, VERTDA-28
Seed is a known pathway for Verticillium dahliae in spinach and the recommended management strategy is to evaluate seed productions by field inspection or seed testing of a representative sample of each seed lot.
Yes
Freezer Blotter, Agar methods
These methods have been validated and standardized.
Both methods are standard methods of the NSHS
VERTDA-26, VERTDA-7
Yes, disinfestation with 1.2 chlorine or hot water, though the later affected seed quality
VERTDA-5
2025-08-19 18:31:02
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
du Toit, L.J. and Hernandez-Perez, P. (2005). Efficacy of hot water and chlorine for eradication of Cladosporium variabile, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae from spinach seed. Plant Disease, 89 (12), 1305-1312.
du Toit, L.J., Derie, M L. and Hernandez-Perez, P. (2005). Verticillium wilt in spinach seed production. Plant Disease, 89 (1), 4-11.
Koike, S.T., Gladders, P. and Paulus, A.O. (2007). Vegetable Diseases: A color handbook. Academic Press: Burlington, MA, 451 pp.
Seed Health Testing Method for Verticillium dahlia Lcb 4.1 National Seed Health System. http://www.seedhealth.org
Vicia faba
faba bean
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on bean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
2025-08-19 18:31:22
Search the database