Pisum sativum
pea
34 Related Pests
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi
fungus
Recently only referred to a Fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium orthoceras var. pisi, Fusarium pisi, Fusarium vasinfectum var. pisi
Canada, Europe, Asia, Morocco
Not known to occur
Japan
2022-04-06
Eleven races of the pathogen have been identified. Pea pathogenic F. oxysporum are common in soils growing pea. They are efficient colonizers of pea roots and often cause seedling death prior establishment. This pathogen is often found with other root and wilt pathogens of pea.
pea
No
FUSAOPI-4, FUSAOPI-5, FUSAOPI-6
Pathway not proven. Although references may indicate that seed can be a pathway, direct evidence is lacking or references cite work from 1932. Laboratory testing of seeds have found F. oxysporum on seed but either pathogenicity was not proven or seed transmission was not proven. Soil borne fungi seems to be most important, especially when other root rot or wilt pathogens are present.
FUSAOPI-4, FUSAOPI-5, FUSAOPI-6
Agar plating
FUSAOPI-2
Test developed for identifying Fusarium oxysporum and did not identify fungus to Fusarium spp. Seed is not known to be a pathway for this specific Fusarium spp.
FUSAOPI-4
Resistance to race 1 is known.
Agindotan, B. and Burrows, M. 2021. Seedborne Diseases; In, Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests, Third Edition R. M. Harveson, J. S. Pasche, L. Porter, W. Chen, and M. Burrows, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN USA.
Jm Kraft. 1994. Fusarium wilt of peas (a review). Agronomie, EDP Sciences; 14:561-567
Dorhoo, NP, et.al. 1998. Fusarium Wilt and Root Rot of Pea. Int. J. Tropical Plant Diseases. 16: 1-20
SM Ali, J Paterson and J Crosby. 1982. A standard technique for detecting seed-borne pathogens in peas, chemical control, and testing commercial seed in South Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 22(117) 348 – 352
Fusarium solani f .sp. pisi
fungus
Fusarium martii var. pisi, Fusarium solani var. martii race 2
China, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Ontario and Alberta, Canada
WA, CA
Japan
2023-08-21
pea, chickpea
No
FUSASPI-6, FUSASPI-7
Pathway not proven. Early references often concluded that seed was a means of dissemination, but seed transmission was often not proven and the pathogen was often in association with the seed or in dust on seed bags. No references showing seed transmission were found..
FUSASPI-6, FUSASPI-7
FUSASPI-7
Varieties resistant to race 1 diminish seed association. Rarely an issue in dry seed production areas.
Cook, RJ., Ford EJ and Snyder, WC., 1968. Mating types, dissemination, and possible sources of clones of Hypomyces (Fusarium) solani f. pisi in South Australia. Aust. J. Agric Res. 19: 253-259
Kraft, JM., et.al. 1974. The Reappearance of Common Wilt of Peas in Eastern Washington. Plant Disease Rept. 58:62-64
Ditylenchus dipsaci
nematode
Anguillula devastatrix, Anguillula dipsaci, Anguillula secalis, Anguillulina dipsaci,Anguillulina dipsaci var. communis, Ditylenchus allocotus, Ditylenchus amsinckiae, Ditylenchus dipsaci var. tobaensis, Ditylenchus fragariae,Ditylenchus sonchophila, Ditylenchus trifolii, Tylenchus allii Tylenchus devastator, Tylenchus devastatrix
Tylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchus havensteini, Tylenchus hyacinthi, Tylenchus putrefaciens
Worldwide in temperate climates.
Widespread
Brazil
2023-05-05
Ditylenchus dipsaci is known to attack over 450 different plant species, including many weeds. There are approximately 20 biological races known that tend to prefer certain hosts.
Yes
DITYDI-3, CABICPC
Infestations found to be very low
DITYDI-3, CABICPC
Sieve method
DITYDI-3
Used for research. This method has not been standardized or validated.
Seed fumigation
DITYDI-3
Crop rotation with non-hosts and fumigation most effective
Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi
bacterium
Bacterium pisi, Chlorobacter pisi, Phytomonas pisi, Pseudomonas pisi
Worldwide
CA, CO, KS, NY, WA, WI
China
2024-12-30
Limited distribution in the USA. Phaseolus are not known to be hosts of this pathogen.
Main: pea; Other: vetch
Yes
PSDMPI-4, CABI CPC, EPPO, PSDMPI-7, PSDMPI-8, PSDMPI-10
Seed as a pathway in pea is established and accepted.
Seed wash, Dilution plating
PSDMPI-4, CABI CPC, EPPO, PSDMPI-7, PSDMPI-8, PSDMPI-10
Seed wash, Dilution plating
PSDMPI-2, PSDMPI-4, PSDMPI-5, NSHS USDA, ISTA, ISHI-ISF
ISTA Assay 7-029: ver 1.3 (2024). This test has been validated by the ISTA and the NSHS.
Chemical, cultural
CABI CPC, PSDMPI-7, PSDMPI-9
Field inspection for disease symptoms has been affective. Use disease-free seed. Foliar sprays and heat treatment have been shown to be effective.
Grondeau, et. al. 1996. Epiphytic life is the main characteristic of the life cycle of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, pea bacterial blight agent. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 102; 353-363
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Hollaway, G. J., Bretag, T. W., & Price, T. V. (2007). The epidemiology and management of bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) of field pea (Pisum sativum) in Australia: a review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58(11), 1086-1099.
Roberts, S. J. (1992). Effect of soil moisture on the transmission of pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) from seed to seedling. Plant Pathology, 41(2), 136-140.
Grondeau C, Ladonne F, Fourmond A, Poutier F, Samson R, 1992. Attempt to eradicate Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi from pea seeds with heat treatments. Seed Science and Technology, 20(3):515-525
Fraaije B, 1996. Conductimetric detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in pea seeds and soft rot Erwinia spp. on potato tubers, Ph.D. Thesis. Wageningen, Netherlands: Agricultural University.
Lyon, et. al. 1995. International programme on the serological detection of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens of protein pea seeds. OEPP Bulletin 25; 393-401
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association; www.seedtest.org
ISHI Seed Health Test Methods - https://worldseed.org/resources/ishi-methods/
Forbes CJ, Bretag TW, 1991. Efficacy of foliar applied streptomycin for the control of bacterial blight of peas. Australasian Plant Pathology, 20(3):115-118
Rhodococcus fascians
bacterium
Corynebacterium fascians, Bacterium fascians, Phytomonas fascians, Pseudobacterium fascians, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus
Europe, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Iran, Russia, Egypt, Colombia
Widespread
Brazil, Thailand
2023-08-21
Though found in many US states, the pathogen is usually restricted and localized. Probably Worldwide, though not reported. Disease outbreaks are sporadic and usually related to poor sanitation. Bulbs, floral and greenhouse crops most susceptible to disease outbreaks. No reports of seed as a pathway in vegetables and agronomic crops.
Primarily a pest of ornamentals, woody ornamentals and floowers. Vegetables and agronomic crops reported susceptible to the bacterium are listed below. Transmits primarily through propagation.
No
CORBFA-4, CORBFA-3
Pea may be a host, but uncommon. Seed as a possible pathway was cited in CORBFA-3, however, the citation used for this claim (CORBFA-4) actually was referring to sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus and not Pisum sativum.
CORBFA-4, CORBFA-3
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola
bacterium
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas phaseolicola
Worldwide
Reported in the US where beans are grown. Not common in dry climates where most bean seed is produced.
2023-08-21
Primarily species of Phaseolus. Reported on pea and soybean, though rare
No
Pea is not a primary host for this pathogen No references found indicating pea seed is a pathway.
Peronospora viciae
fungus
Botrytis viciae, Peronospora fabae, Peronospora pisi
Worldwide
Widespread
2025-06-06
Peronospora viciae infects leaves, pods, and seedlings systemically. Although oospores and mycelia may be present in seed coats, seed-to-seedling transmission hasn’t been confirmed. It is soilborne and wind dispersed.
Main: lentil, faba bean, vetch, Other: pea
No
PEROVI-3, PEROVI-5, PEROVI-6, PEROVI-9, PEROVI-10
Oospores of Peronospora viciae can be present on the seed coat, but successful seed transmission has not been demonstrated. One reference (PEROVI-5) did not find any seed-borne infection in 7 seed samples tested. In peas is it soilborne and wind disperesed.
PEROVI-3, PEROVI-5, PEROVI-6, PEROVI-9, PEROVI-10
Grow out, Bioassay
PEROVI-6, PEROVI-7, PEROVI-8
Tests used in research only. These tests have not been validated or standardized.
Seed treatments are often suggested for protection against Peronospora viciae that may be in field debris.Â
PEROVI-4
A quality systems approach in production of the seeds with crop inspections, careful selection of healthy fruits and seed conditioning/cleaning should be used to ensure seed quality and reduce unwanted seed contaminants.
R. Stegmark, 1994, Downy mildew on peas (Peronospora viciae f sp pisi), Agronomie Volume 14, Number 10, pgs.641-647.
Hagedorn DJ, 1974. Recent pea anthracnose and downy mildew epiphytotics in Wisconsin. Plant Disease Reporter, 58(3):226-229
Mence MJ, Pegg GF, 1971. The biology of Peronospora viciae on pea: factors affecting the susceptibility of plants to local infection and systemic colonization. Annals of Applied Biology, 67:297-308.
Verma, J., Ranga, A. D., Singh, N., & Talwar, D. Understanding and Management of Fungal Diseases in Pea.
Amey, R. C., Schleicher, T., Slinn, J., Lewis, M., Macdonald, H., Neill, S. J., & Spencer-Phillips, P. T. N. (2008). Proteomic analysis of a compatible interaction between Pisum sativum (pea) and the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora viciae. The Downy Mildews-Genetics, Molecular Biology and Control, 41-55.
Dickson,C.H. and Singh, H., 1982. Colonization and sporulation of Peronospora viciae on cultivars of Pisum sativum, Plant Pathology 31 (4): 333-341.
Marr, A., Casonato, S., & Jones, E. (2021). Latent detection of downy mildew (Peronospora pisi) in bioassays against Pisum sativum. Pathogens, 10(10), 1312.
Richard E. Falloona, George B. Follasb, Ruth C. Butlera, David S. Gouldena. 2000 Resistance in Peronospora viciae to phenylamide fungicides: reduced efficacy of seed treatments of pea (Pisum sativum) and assessment of alternatives, Crop Protection 19:313–325
Botrytis fabae
fungus
Botryotinia fabae
Worldwide
CA
Brazil
2024-11-10
Reported in many countries but only widespread in Egypt and the United Kingdom
Main: faba bean; Other: soybean, lentil, common bean, pea.
No
BOTRFA-7, CABICPC
There is no evidence that seed is a pathway for this pathogen in this crop. This is a minor pathogen for peas
BOTRFA-7, CABICPC
Globisporangium splendens
fungus
Pythium splendens
Worldwide
Widespread
China, Mexico
2025-08-05
Globisporangium splendens is a damaging root pathogen with a broad host range, favored by warm, wet conditions. It is particularly problematic in greenhouses and irrigated fields, where it can spread rapidly and cause significant losses if not properly managed. It spreads through infested soil, water, tools, and infected plant debris. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
Wide host rainge, primarily flowers and ornamentals
No
PYTHSL-2, PYTHSL-3, CABI CPC, PYTHSL-4
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
PYTHSL-2, PYTHSL-3, CABI CPC, PYTHSL-4
Waterhouse GM, Waterston JM, 1966. Pythium splendens. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 120. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1993. Distribution of Mating Types and the Nature of Survival of Pythium splendens in soil. Soil biology & biochemistry 25; 839-842.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
van der Plaats-Niterink, A. J. (1981). Monograph of the genus Pythium (Vol. 21, p. 242). Baarn: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium albo-atrum f. angustum.
Verticillium albo-atrum var. chlamydosporale
Verticillium albo-atrum var. dahliae
Verticillium albo-atrum var. medium.
Verticillium dahliae f. angustum
Verticillium dahliae f. cerebriforme
Verticillium dahliae f. chlamydosporale
Verticillium dahliae f. medium
Verticillium dahliae f. zonatum
Verticillium ovatum
Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11
Prevalent in China
Verticillium dahliae has a broad host range, infecting both woody and herbaceous plants, including ornamentals, native species, and weeds. Economically important hosts include artichoke, eggplant, bell pepper, cotton, hop, lettuce, mints, oilseed rape, olive, potato, strawberry, and tomato.
No
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on pea, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
VERTDA-16, CABI CPC
Phoma pinodella
fungus
Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella,Ascochyta pinodella, Phoma trifolii; Peyronellaea pinodella
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2023-08-21
This pathogen has not been reported in China
Pea, soybean and alfalfa are the most important hosts. Has been reported on beet, lentils, cotton, parsley, fava bean, mung bean, cowpea, oats, barley, clovers and leguminous plants
No
PHOMMP-2, RICHISTA, PHOMME-3
Pathway not proven. Only one reference found (PHOMMP) found indicating this pathogen was found on seed but evidence of seed transmission was not presented. Fungal pycnydia were found on seed coats on local varieties. The other references do not indicate that seed is a pathway.
PHOMMP-2, RICHISTA, PHOMME-3
Agar plating
PHOMMP-2, PHOMMP-6
Agar plating adopted from ISTA working sheet for Ascophyta pisi. The test has not been validated or standardized for this pathogen.
Fungicides (type not specified)
PHOMMP-2
Ali SM, Paterson J, Crosby J, 1982. A standard technique for detecting seed-borne pathogens in peas, chemical control, and testing commercial seed in South Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 22:348-352
Boerema, GH, et.al. 2004. Phoma Identification Manual. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK pp470
Hewett PD, 1987. Ascochyta pisi, Pisum sativum. Working Sheet No. 16. ISTA Working Sheets. Zurich, Switzerland: ISTA.
Broad bean wilt virus
virus
Broad bean wilt fabavirus, Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot virus, Nasturtium ringspot virus, Nasturtium white spot virus, Pea streak virus, Patchouli mild mosaic virus, Patchouli mild mottle virus, Petunia ringspot virus, Tropaeolum ringspot virus, Plantago II virus
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia; Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey; Europe: Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom; North America, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Argentina.
FL, MN, NY, OH, SC, VT, WI
Mexico
2024-09-03
Broad bean wilt virus has only shown possible seed transmission in faba beans through artificial inoculation. It is not known to be common in nature. The virus is transmissible by sap inoculation and by several aphid species in the non-persistent.
Broad bean wilt virus has been reported in natural infections of 180 species of 41 plant families and thus has a very extensive natural host range. Main host families are: Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae.
No
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, DPVWEB
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, DPVWEB
Lettuce mosaic virus
virus
Lactuca virus 1, lettuce, Mosaic potyvirus, lettuce virus 1, Marmor lactucae
Worldwide, where lettuce is grown.
CA, CO, FL, ID, NY, OH, OR, PA, SC, WA, WI
Mexico
2025-09-23
Lettuce mosaic virus causes mottling, stunting, and poor head formation in lettuce, making it one of the most damaging diseases affecting lettuce worldwide. It is primarily transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner, mechanically through sap and through infected seed in lettuce.
Main: lettuce, chicory; Other: spinach, pea, endive, chickpea, safflower
No
CABI CPC, DPV WEB
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABI CPC, DPV WEB
White clover mosaic virus
virus
Potexvirus
Western Australia. Possibly Japan, Turkey, Brazil, United Kingdom
IN
Brazil
2023-08-21
Primarily clover, pea, sweet pea, alfalfa. Artificially inoculated into other legumes and plant species in the laboratory. Only crops with reported natural infections of this virus included below.
No
WCLMV0-2
Mechanically transmitted in laboratory studies. There is no evidence of that seed is a pathway for this host in nature.
WCLMV0-2
Bancroft, Tuite & Hissong. 1960. Properties of White Clover Mosaic Virus in Indiana, Phytopathology 50: 711.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
virus
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.
No
TSWV00-1, TSWV00-3
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus.
TSWV00-1, TSWV00-3
Broad bean stain virus
virus
broad bean, broad bean F1 virus, broad bean stain comovirus, virus de la mosaïque de la fève
Asia: China.
Not known to occur
China
2024-10-15
Seed is a known pathway for Faba beans.
Main: Faba bean
uncertain
CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, DPV WEB, BBSV00-4, BBSV00-5, BBSV00-6, BBSV00-9
Pea has shown transmission by artificial inoculation only. There is limited references noting seed transmission however the papers are not available. Only Vicia faba known to be a natural host.
CABI CPC, ISF RPLD, DPV WEB, BBSV00-4, BBSV00-5, BBSV00-6, BBSV00-9
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Fortass, M. (1993). Viruses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Morocco: surveying, identification, and ecological aspects. Wageningen University and Research.
Gibbs, A. J., Giussani-Belli, G., & Smith, H. G. (1968). Broad-bean stain and true broad-bean mosaic viruses. Annals of Applied Biology, 61(1), 99–107.
Mali, V. R., Subr, Z., & Kudela, O. (2003). Seed transmission of como and potyviruses in fababean and vetch cultivars introduced into Slovakia. Acta phytopathologica et entomologica hungarica, 38(1-2), 87-97.
Fiedorow, Z., & Szlachetka-Wawrzyniak, E. (2002). Transmission of Broad Bean Stain Virus (BBSV) by seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 46(2), 81-89.
Pea enation mosaic virus-1
virus
Pea enation mosaic,
Pea virus 1,
Pea enation mosaic penamovirus,
Pea enation mosaic virus 'group'
Asia: China, Iran, Syria; Europe: Austria, Belarus, Czechia, Denark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Spain, UK; North America: USA
ID, WA
Mexico
2025-09-05
Pea enation mosaic virus 1 (PEMV-1) affects peas and other legumes in the Fabaceae family. It works in combination with Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV-2), with each virus dependent on the other for full infection and transmission. The virus is not seed-transmitted; although detectable in seeds, large-scale studies have found no evidence of transmission to seedlings. In the field, PEMV spreads primarily through aphids in a persistent manner, and mechanical transmission occurs only when PEMV-2 is present.
Main: pea; Other: faba bean
No
PEMV-5, PEMV-6, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, PEMV-7, PEMV-9, PEMV-10
In peas, Pea enation mosaic virus 1 is not seed-transmitted, despite earlier reports suggesting otherwise. Kovachevsky initially claimed that the virus could be transmitted through seed, but this was later disproven by Timmerman in a large-scale 2009 study, which found that while PEMV could be detected in seed tissue, no seedlings became infected. Transmission in peas occurs primarily through aphid vectors, which acquire and transmit the virus in a persistent, circulative manner. PEMV-1 and its partner virus PEMV-2 are both required for successful aphid-mediated spread, and mechanical transmission is only possible when PEMV-2 is present.
PEMV-5, PEMV-6, CABI CPC, DPV WEB, PEMV-7, PEMV-9, PEMV-10
Timmerman-Vaughan, G., Larsen, R., Murray, S., McPhee, K., and Coyne, C. 2009. Analysis of the accumulation of Pea enation mosaic virus genomes in seed tissues and lack of evidence for seed transmission in pea (Pisum sativum). Phytopathology 99:1281-1288.
Kovachevsky, 1978. Investigations on pea enation mosaic virus. Rasteniev dni Nauki, 15: 108
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Porter, L.D., 2021. Pea Enation Mosiac Virus, In Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests, 3rd. ed. R. M. Harveson, J. S. Pasche, L. Porter, W. Chen, and M. Burrows, eds. American Phytopatholgical Society, St. Paul MN, USA
Tornos, T., Cebrián, M. C., Córdoba-Sellés, M. C., Alfaro-Fernández, A., Herrera-Vásquez, J. A., Font, M. I., & Jorda, M. C. (2008). First report of pea enation mosaic virus infecting pea and broad bean in Spain. Plant Disease, 92(10), 1469-1469.
Chen, X., Li, K., Luo, H., Han, S., Liu, Q., Tan, G., ... & Li, F. (2021). The occurrence of pea enation mosaic virus 1 and pea enation mosaic virus 2 from disease-affected pea fields in China. Plant Disease, 105(2), 518.
Pleospora herbarum
fungus
Too many to list, most commonly used names include Alternaria putrefaciens, Clasterosporium putrefaciens, Sporidesmium putrefaciens, Stemphyllium botryosum, Stemphylium herbarum.
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21
Primarily a post harvest pathogen
Wide host range
Yes
PLEOHE-9, PLEOHE-10
There are a few reports of this pathogen being associated with seed, however, the importance of seedborne inoculum is unknown or relatively unimportant.
PLEOHE-9, PLEOHE-10
Aphanomyces euteiches
fungus
-
Asia: China, India, Japan; Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
ID, IL, IA, KY, MN, MS, NY, NC, ND, OR, SD, VT, VI, WA, WI
Mexico
2024-06-09
Not known to be seed transmitted. Long-distance spread is mediated by transportation of contaminated soil or materials, or of infected plants (CABI).
alfalfa, lucerne, bean, pea, lentil, faba bean, clover
No
CABICPC
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen
CABICPC
Fusarium redolens
fungus
Fusarium oxysporum var. redolens, Fusarium redolens var. solani, Fusarium solani var. redolens
Africa: Algeria, Tunisia; Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Turkey; Europe: Czechia, Finland, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, USA,; Oceania: New Zealand.
MT, ND.
Korea
2024-09-04
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Fusarium redolens is soil-borne.
An economic pathogen of carnation. Though reported on other vegetable and grain crops, it is not considered an economic pathogen of many hosts or its economic importance is not known.
No
No references found indicating that seed is a pathway.
Fusarium poae
fungus
Fusarium sporotrichiella, Fusarium sporotrichiella var. poae, Fusarium tricinctum f.sp. poae, Sporotrichum poae, Sporotrichum anthophilum.
Worldwide in temperate regions
Widespread, primarily in northern states
Korea
2022-04-06
One of many Fusarium spp. isolated from grains and grasses in temperate regions of the world.
pea, grains, corn, grasses. Reported on several vegetables under some conditions. Vegetables are not listed below as the fungus is primarily opportunistic and secondary.
No
FUSAPO-19
Pathway not proven. Though Fusarium poae is one of many species of fusaria reported on this host and if seed is not properly handled, conditioned and stored, conidia may be found on seeds. The fungus is commonly soil borne and there were no references found indicating that seed is an important means of spread.
FUSAPO-19
Common seed production practices, careful harvest, seed cleaning, conditioning, seed treatment and proper storage should decrease any risk from this pathogen.
Mulenko, W., Majewski, T., and Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, M. 2008. A Preliminary Checklist of Micromycetes in Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences 9: 752.
Didymella rabiei
fungus
Ascochyta rabiei, Mycosphaerella rabiei, Phyllosticta cicerina, Phyllosticta rabiei, Zythia rabiei
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Tanzania, Tunisia; Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan; Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Ukraine; North Americal Canada, USA; Oceania Australia; South America: Argentina.
CA, ID, NE, ND, SD, WA
Korea
2024-10-15
Didymella rabiei is spread on crop debris and soil and is airborne. It is well-documents to be spread by seed in chickpea.
Main: chickpea; Other: pea, alfalfa, clover, and cowpea.
No
CABI CPC, USDA-FD, DIDYRA-5
Though pea can be a host for the pathogen, it is not considered to be an important host or an important disease of pea. No references found indicating that pea seed is a pathway.
CABI CPC, USDA-FD, DIDYRA-5
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
USDA Fungal Database, https://fungi.ars.usda.gov
Peever, T. L., Barve, M. P., Stone, L. J., & Kaiser, W. J. (2007). Evolutionary relationships among Ascochyta species infecting wild and cultivated hosts in the legume tribes Cicereae and Vicieae. Mycologia, 99(1), 59-77.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
bacterium
Many
Worldwide
Widespread
Thailand, China, Korea
2022-12-01
Seed is known to be a pathway on several crops. Thailand lists this pathogen as prohibited on corn. China lists this pathogen (Pseudomonas oryzicola) as prohibited on rice.
Wide host range. Important vegetable and agronomic crops listed below.
No
PSDMSY-3, PSDMSY-20
Pathway not proven. PSDMSY-20 is the only reference found indicating that seed may be a pathway. No other references found indicating seed is s a pathway.
PSDMSY-3, PSDMSY-20
Pythium vexans
fungus
Pythium complectens, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium allantocladon, Pythium ascophallon, Pythium piperinum, Ovatisporangium vexans, Pythium euthyphyphon, Pythium polycladon
Africa, Asia, Europe, Guatemala, Caribbean, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, South Korea, New Zealand, Canada
HI, OK, CA, NC, MD, VA, DE, PA, NJ, WA, TN, LA, WI, IA
Korea
2023-08-21
Primarily affecting seedlings and roots and is transmitted mainly through infested soil. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host. Zoospores of this fungus can swim in open water for a short distance. This pathogen has been reported in S. Korea. Korea lists this pathogen as Phytopythium vexans
Wide host range
No
PYTHVE-1, PYTHVE-3
Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
PYTHVE-1, PYTHVE-3
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
bacterium
Bacterium angulatum, Bacterium tabaci, Chlorobacter angulatum, Chlorobacter tabaci, Phytomonas angulata, Phytomonas tabaci, Pseudomonas angulata, Pseudomonas tabaci
Worldwide
Widespread in eastern and southeastern states.
Thailand
2025-09-05
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci is a bacterial pathogen that causes wildfire disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). It produces small, water-soaked leaf spots surrounded by bright yellow halos, which can merge under humid conditions. The bacterium is mainly spread through water splash from rain or irrigation, contaminated tools or hands, and infected seed (in tobacco). It enters plants through wounds, with disease favored by cool, wet weather.
Main: soybean, common bean, pea; Other: eggplant, oats, cowpea, potato
No
PSDMTA-3
No references found indicating pea seed is a host.
PSDMTA-3
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Nacobbus aberrans
nematode
Anguillulina aberrans, Nacobbus batatiformis, Nacobbus bolivianus, Nacobbus serendipiticus, Nacobbus serendipiticus bolivianus, Pratylenchus aberrans
Egypt, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico
AR, CO, KS, MT, NE, SD, UT, WY
Korea
2023-08-21
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
potato, vegetables
No
NACOBA-1
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
NACOBA-1
Nacobbus aberrans. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Golovinomyces orontii
fungus
Erysiphe orontii, Erysiphe polyphaga, Erysiphe tabaci, Oidium begoniae, Oidium violae
Worldwide
AZ, CA, GA, ID, MA, MO, SC, TX, WA
Korea
2024-09-07
Korea lists this pathogen as Erysiphe orontii. Seed is not a pathway. Wind-borne conidia most common means of dispersal.
Main: sugarbeet, pepper, watermelon, melon, cucumber, pumpkin, pea, tomato, eggplant, potato.
No
CABICPC
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABICPC
CABICPC
Seed treatment to control powdery mildew on seedlings from wind blown spores during the first 1.5 weeks of growth.
Boeremia exigua var. exigua
fungus
Ascochyta asteris, Ascochyta cyphomandrae, Ascochyta hydrangeae, Ascochyta nicotianae, Ascochyta phaseolorum, Ascochyta sonchi, Phoma exigua f.sp. exigua, Phoma exigua var. exigua, Phoma herbarum, Phoma herbarum f. brassicae, Phoma herbarum f. hyoscyami, Phoma herbarum f. schoberiae, Phoma herbarum var. dulcamaricola, Phoma linicola, Phoma solanicola, Phoma solanophila, Phoma tuberosa, Phyllosticta decidua, Phyllosticta hortorum, Phyllosticta mulgedii, Phyllosticta sambuci, Phyllosticta vincae-majoris, Phyllosticta vincae-minoris
Worldwide. CABI: B. exigua var. exigua is almost certainly ubiquitous worldwide, but many records fail to specify the variety that it is not possible to provide particular country/state information. There are undoubtedly many records under the many synonyms and these require re-examination.
Widespread
Korea
2024-09-04
This pathogen has been reported in Korea under other synonyms. This is a weak pathogen capable of persisting in soil and also transmitted by rainsplash-dispersed conidia. Common bean and possible sugarcane are the only hosts shown where seed may be a pathway.
B. exigua var. exigua is a ubiquitous weak or secondary pathogen on more than 200 different plant genera. Main hosts are in the Fabaaceae and Solanaceae familes.
No
CABICPC, RICHISTA
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. A weak pathogen but widespread in soils throughout the world.
CABICPC, RICHISTA
Cladosporium cladosporioides
fungus
Cladosporium graminum, Cladosporium herbarum, Mycosphaerella schoenoprasi, Mycosphaerella tulasnei, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium cladosporioides, Hormodendrum cladosporioides, Monilia humicola
Africa: Egypt, South Africa; Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Israel, Oman, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Syria; Europe: France, Hungary, Italy; North America: USA; South America: Argentina, Brazil
IA, OR
Korea
2025-10-07
This pathogen is considered primarily a post harvest pathogen that does not cause disease in most of it's hosts (CLADCL-1). C. cladosporioides spreads primarily by wind, rain splash, or contaminated surfaces. It can also persist on plant debris, some seeds, and stored produce, serving as inoculum for new infections. The fungus thrives in cool, moist environments and is especially common in greenhouses, storage areas, and outdoor crops during humid seasons.
Wide host range
uncertain
CLADCL-5, CLADCL-8, CABI CPC, CLADCL-13, CLADCL-17, CLADCL-18, CLADCL-19
Cladosporium cladosporioides has been detected on pea seeds in multiple countries. The fungus was occasionally isolated from damaged shoots and infected roots in young seedlings under incubation tests, but its role in causing disease is unclear due to the presence of other fungi, such as Ascochyta pinodes. There is no evidence of natural seed transmission or field impact of C. cladosporioides in peas. The fungus is an asexual, widespread saprophyte that occurs on many outdoor and indoor surfaces and is commonly associated with secondary infections of dying plant tissue. Because of the limited and inconclusive evidence regarding seed transmission, the seed pathway for C. cladosporioides in pea is considered uncertain.
CLADCL-5, CLADCL-8, CABI CPC, CLADCL-13, CLADCL-17, CLADCL-18, CLADCL-19
Blotter and agar incubation
CLADCL-5, CLADCL-8
These tests were used for research purposes and have not been standardized or validated.
CLADCL-8
Treatment was used to reduce fungal contamination and was not specific to the pathogen.
Shalini V and Dohroo NP. 2004. Seed mycoflora of Pisum sativum in Himachal Pradesh. Plant Disease Research (Ludhiana), 19:189.
Gorfu D and Sangchote S 2005. Fungi associated with field pea seeds from Ethiopia and seed transmission of Ascochyta pinodes. Seed Science and Technology, 33:387-396.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Bensch, K., Groenewald, J.Z., Dijksterhuis, J., Starink-Willemse, M., Andersen, B., Summerell, B.A., Shin, H.-D., Dugan, F.M., Schroers, H. -J., Braun, U., and Crous, P.W. 2010. Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales). Stud. Mycol. 67: 1-96.
Ragukula K, Makandar R. 2023. Cladosporium cladosporioides causes leaf blight on garden pea in Telangana, India. Plant Disease 107:2239
Marcinkowska, J., 2008. Fungi occurrence on seeds of field pea. Acta Mycologica, 43(1), pp.77-89.
Bensch, K., Braun, U., Groenewald, J.Z., and Crous, P.W. 2012. The genus Cladosporium. Stud. Mycol. 72: 1-401.
Alternaria alternata
fungus
Alternaria alternata f.sp. fragariae
Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici
Alternaria fasciculata
Alternaria tenuis
Worldwide
AL, CA, FL, GA, IL, IA, LA, MI, MS, NY, OR, PA, SD, TN, TX
Korea
2025-09-08
Alternaria alternata is a widespread fungus that can persist in soil and crop debris for many years, enabling it to infect plants across successive growing seasons. Its spores are dispersed by air, wind, water splash, irrigation, and contact with contaminated plant material. Numerous studies have demonstrated its transmission under experimental conditions, and it has been shown to be seed-transmitted in a few crops within the Malvaceae family.
Main: allium, pepper; Other: watermelon, sunflower, sorghum, spinach, marigold, many fruits and trees
No
ALTEAL-4, ALTEAL-32, ALTEAL-62
A. alternata has been reported on pea but it is considered a saprophyte of pea plants and seed.. A. alternata has been found on seed, in laboratory surveys but, no references were found indicating seed transmission.
ALTEAL-4, ALTEAL-32, ALTEAL-62
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Banniza, S. 2021. Alternaria Blight. In, PART I: Infectious Diseases, Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests, Third Edition. Eds. R. M. Harveson, J. S. Pasche, L. Porter, W. Chen, and M. Burrows. pgs. 6-69
Youssef, M. A., Aly, A. Z., Tohamy, M. R. A., & Ghonim, M. I. (2018). Studies on fungi associated with pea seeds and their effect on germination and some seed characters. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 45(4), 1291-1308.
Peanut stunt virus
virus
black locust true mosaic virus, clover blotch virus, groundnut stunt virus, peanut common mosaic virus, peanut stunt cucumovirus, robinia mosaic virus
Morocco, Sudan, Asia, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain
Southeast, Midwest states, WA
Brazil
2023-04-05
Common virus in peanuts. Can be seedborne in peanuts at low levels.
Primarily a virus of Fabaceae family, tomato, celery,
No
CABICPC
Pea is not commonly known as a host of PSV. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABICPC
Didymella pinodes
fungus
Ascochyta pinodes, Didymellina pinodes, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Sphaerella pinodes, Sphaeria pinodes
Worldwide
Widespread
-
2024-10-28
Didymella pinodes (M. pinodes in most literature) has a small host range but primarily affects peas where it is of high economic importance.
Main: pea
Yes
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, EPPO, MYCOPI-1
Didymella pinodes is the main causal agent of ascochyta blight, a severe fungal disease affecting peas globally. Pea seeds serve as a documented transmission pathway for D. pinodes, with the pathogen surviving in seeds for up to four years. Disease transmission occurs through water, air, soil, plant debris, and seeds. Seed transmission rates of M. pinodes vary with temperature, reaching 100% at 15°C, compared to 61.5% at 18°C and 70% at 25°C, indicating environmental conditions influence its spread.
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, EPPO, MYCOPI-1
Plating, blotter
CABICPC, MYCOPI-3, MYCOPI-4, MYCOPI-5, MYCOPI-7
Use of both methods suggested. These methods have not been standardized or validated.
chemical, cultural
CABICPC, MYCOPI-2, MYCOPI-6
Captan and thiram, applied as dry powders to infected pea seeds, effectively reduced transmission. Removing plant debris which can act as a host. Performing timely crop inspections. Use disease-free seeds.
OEPP/EPPO Global Database - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
Barilli, E., Cobos, M. J., & Rubiales, D. (2016). Clarification on host range of Didymella pinodes the causal agent of pea Ascochyta blight. Frontiers in plant science, 7, 592.
Mathur, S. B., Haware, M. P., & Hampton, R. O. (1988). Identification, significance and transmission of seed borne pathogens. In World crops: Cool season food legumes: A global perspective of the problems and prospects for crop improvement in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea (pp. 351-365). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Onfroy, C., Tivoli, B., Corbiere, R., & Bouznad, Z. (1999). Cultural, molecular and pathogenic variability of Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella isolates from dried pea (Pisum sativum) in France. Plant Pathology, 48(2), 218–229
Khan, T. N., Timmerman-Vaughan, G. M., Rubiales, D., Warkentin, T. D., Siddique, K. H. M., Erskine, W., & Barbetti, M. J. (2013). Didymella pinodes and its management in field pea: challenges and opportunities. Field Crops Research, 148, 61-77.
Roger, C., Tivoli, B., & Huber, L. (1999). Effects of temperature and moisture on disease and fruit body development of Mycosphaerella pinodes on pea (Pisum sativum). Plant Pathology, 48(1), 1–9
Maude, R. B. (1996). Seedborne diseases and their control: principles and practice.
Gorfu, D., & Sangchote, S. (2003). Effects of seed treatment fungicides on Ascochyta pinodes of field pea under controlled and field conditions. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 37(4), 429-444.
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
bacteria
Bacterium flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens, Phytomonas flaccumfacien, Pseudomonas flaccumfaciens
Africa: Maurtius, Tunisia, Zambia; Asia: Iran, Turkey; Europe: Belgium, Russia; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia; South America: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela.
CO, CT, ID, IA, MI, MT, NE, ND, OH, OR, VA, WI, WY.
EU
2024-11-21
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) is a seedborne pathogen that is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine pathogens by EPPO. It can overwinter in plant debris and in weeds. Root damage caused by infections from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita has been shown to facilitate the entry of pathogens into host plants. The bacterium can multiply quickly in hot and humid weather. Infection is not as visible in temperate climates, therefore lab tests need to be done to confirm infection.
Main: Fabaceae family primarily common bean.
uncertain
CABI CPC, CORBFL-22, CORBFL-23, CORBFL-24
Pea naturally hosts Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, but there is no references were found confirming seed as a pathway.
CABI CPC, CORBFL-22, CORBFL-23, CORBFL-24
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel), Jeger, M., Bragard, C., Caffier, D., Candresse, T., Chatzivassiliou, E., ... & Caffier, D. (2018). Pest categorisation of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Efsa Journal, 16(5), e05299.
Chartrel, V., Dugat-Bony, E., Sarthou, AS. et al. The microbial community associated with pea seeds (Pisum sativum) of different geographical origins. Plant Soil 462, 405–427 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04856-6
Osdaghi, E., Taghavi, S.M., Fazliarab, A., Elahifard, E. and Lamichhane, J.R., 2015. Characterization, geographic distribution and host range of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens: an emerging bacterial pathogen in Iran. Crop Protection, 78, pp.185-192.
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus
virus
pea fizzle top virus
pea leaf roll mosaic virus
pea leaf rolling mosaic virus
pea leaf rolling virus
pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus
pea seedborne mosaic virus
pea seed-borne symptomless virus
PSbMV
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe' Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistand, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen; Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK; North AmericaL Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America, Brazil, Peru
CA, ID, MD, MN, NY, ND, OR, VT, WA, WI
-
2025-10-15
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus is transmitted mechanically, by aphid vectors, and through seed. It primarily infects peas but can also be found in other legumes such as broad bean, lentil, and peavine. Infection can cause a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns and curling of leaves, stunted growth, and distorted flowers or pods, though some infected seeds may appear symptomless. Seed transmission occurs only when plants are infected before flowering, and aphids spread the virus in a non-persistent manner, contributing to local outbreaks.
Main: lentil, pea
Yes
CABI CPC, DPV WEB, PSBMV0-1, PSBMV0-2, PSBMV0-3, PSBMV0-4, PSBMV0-5, PSBMV0-6, PSBMV0-7
Pea seed is a pathway for PSbMV, which is transmitted to seeds only when plants are infected before flowering. Seed transmission rates vary with pea cultivar, virus strain, and timing of infection, ranging from 0–55%. Infected plants can show mild to severe mosaic and leaf curling, stunting, distorted flowers, and small or malformed pods, while some seeds may be symptomless or have reduced size with seed-coat scarring and cracking. In the field, the virus spreads between plants via aphids in a non-persistent manner.
Assay
CABI CPC, DPV WEB, PSBMV0-1, PSBMV0-2, PSBMV0-3, PSBMV0-4, PSBMV0-5, PSBMV0-6, PSBMV0-7
Assay
NSHS USDA, ISTA
METHOD: Pe 2.1 ISTA Assay 7-024: ver 1.5 (2024)
Biologica, Cultural
CABI CPC, PSBMV0-8, PSBMV0-9
Use healthy certified seed or resistant cultivars. Control aphid vectors
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Latham, L. J., & Jones, R. A. C. (2001). Incidence of virus infection in experimental plots, commercial crops, and seed stocks of cool season crop legumes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(3), 397-413.
Latham, L. J., & Jones, R. A. C. (2001). Alfalfa mosaic and pea seed-borne mosaic viruses in cool season crop, annual pasture, and forage legumes: susceptibility, sensitivity, and seed transmission. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(7), 771-790.
Wang, D., & Maule, A. J. (1992). Early embryo invasion as a determinant in pea of the seed transmission of pea seed-borne mosaic virus. Journal of General Virology, 73(7), 1615-1620.
Wang, D., & Maule, A. J. (1994). A model for seed transmission of a plant virus: genetic and structural analyses of pea embryo invasion by pea seed-borne mosaic virus. The Plant Cell, 6(6), 777-787.
Johansen, I. E., Dougherty, W. G., Keller, K. E., Wang, D., & Hampton, R. O. (1996). Multiple viral determinants affect seed transmission of pea seedborne mosaic virus in Pisum sativum. Journal of General Virology, 77(12), 3149-3154.
Roberts, I. M., Wang, D., Thomas, C. L., & Maule, A. J. (2003). Pea seed-borne mosaic virus seed transmission exploits novel symplastic pathways to infect the pea embryo and is, in part, dependent upon chance. Protoplasma, 222(1), 31-43.
Khetarpal, R. K., & Maury, Y. (1987). Pea seed-borne mosaic virus: a review. Agronomie, 7(4), 215-224.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association; www.seedtest.org
Shukla DD, Ward CW, Brunt AA, 1994 . The Potyviridae. Wallingford, UK; CAB International, 516 pp.
Matthews REF, 1991 . Plant Virology. London, UK: Academic Press, Inc., Ed. 3, 813 pp
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