Dactylis glomerata
orchardgrass
1 Related Pests
Rathayibacter rathayi
bacterium
Agrobacterium rathayi, Aplanobacter rathayi, Bacterium rathayi, Clavibacter rathayi, Corynebacterium michiganense pv. rathayi, Corynebacterium rathayi, Erwinia rathay, Phytomonas rathayi, Pseudobacterium rathayi
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia; Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Europe: Cyprus, Germany, Romania, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
OR, VA
China
2024-12-31
Rathayibacter rathayi is spread by nematodes into seed heads creating a gall and releasing harmful corynetoxins which are hazardous to livestock when consumed. The pathogen has a significant impact on forages and requires management of nematode populations. It is suspected that seed could also be a pathway.
Primary: orchardgrass; Main: bermudagrass, rye
uncertain
CABI CPC, CORBRA-3, CORBRA-4, CORBRA-5, CORBRA-6
Report indicated that 3 of 49 seed samples were found with the pathogen, however, no other data proving pathogenicity was cited
CABI CPC, CORBRA-3, CORBRA-4, CORBRA-5, CORBRA-6
soak
CABI CPC, CORBRA-8
Seeds are soaked overnight in water. Nematodes are concentrated by sieving, followed by microscopic examination. Tests not validated or standardized.
cultural
CABI CPC, CORBRA-8
Use disease-free seed. Plant in areas free of nematodes. Crop rotation with particular species is being looked at as an option.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Bagger O, 1977. Plant diseases in Demark In, 93rd Annual Survey. Lyngby, Denmark: State Plant Pathology Institute
Zgurskaya, H. I., Evtushenko, L. I., Akimov, V. N., & Kalakoutskii, L. V. (1993). Rathayibacter gen. nov., including the species Rathayibacter rathayi comb. nov., Rathayibacter tritici comb. nov., Rathayibacter iranicus comb. nov., and six strains from annual grasses. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 43(1), 143-149.
Alderman, S. C., Ocamb, C. M., & Mellbye, M. E. (2005). Quantitative assessment of Anguina sp. and Rathayibacter rathayi in Dactylis glomerata seed production fields in Oregon and estimates of yield loss. Plant Disease, 89(12), 1313–1316.
Postnikova, E., Agarkova, I., Riley, I. T., Alderman, S., Ocamb, C. M., Vidaver, A. K., & Schaad, N. W. (2004). Identification of Rathayibacter rathayi in Oregon and Maryland. Phytopathology, 94(6).
Rivedal, H. M., Temple, T. N., Starchvick, R. J., Braithwaite, E., Lowder, S. R., Dorman, S. J., ... & Zasada, I. A. (2024). Comparison of molecular and morphological identification methods for Anguina seed gall nematodes in Oregon grasses grown for seed. PhytoFrontiers™, PHYTOFR-01.
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