Phaseolus vulgaris
common bean
48 Related Pests
Tobacco streak virus
virus
Annulus orae, Asparagus stunt virus, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Micotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus vulaerans, Tobacoo streak ilarvirus, Tracttus orea
Worldwide
CA, CO, FL ID IA, KT, MA, MI, MN, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, WA, WI
Korea, Thailand
2022-11-04
Requires thrips to transmit from plant to plant.
Extensive host range includes many weeds, fruit and ornamental plant species. Over 70 species reported as hosts. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important hosts of Tobacco streak virus
Yes
TSV000-1,TSV000-3,TSV000-8,
Seed as a pathway is well documented and accepted by the industry, though disease from the virus is uncommon.
TSV000-1,TSV000-3,TSV000-8,
Indicator plants
TSV000-1,TSV000-3,
ELISA kits available, but have not been validated for seed.
TSV000-1,
No seed treatments available.
Tobacco Streak Virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Kaiser, WJ; Wyatt, SD; Klein, RE, 1991. Epidemiology and Seed Transmission of Two Tobacco Streak Virus Pathotypes Associated with Seed Increases of Legume Germ Plasm in Eastern Washington. Plant Disease 75:258-264
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database, www.pestlist.worldseed.org, Nyon, Switzerland
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
bacterium
Bacterium flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens ssp. flaccumfaciens, Phytomonas flaccumfaciens, Pseudomonas flaccumfaciens
South Europe, North Africa, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Australia
CO, CT, ID, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, OR, VA, WI, WY
Chile, China, Mexico, Korea
2023-08-21
Rare in common bean with certification schemes. Found in most bean and soybean production areas
beans, soybean, cowpea, mung bean
Yes
CORBFL-5,CORBFL-11
Bean seed as a pathway for this pathogen is established and accepted.
Grow out
CORBFL-5,CORBFL-11
Grow out, Serological, PCR
CORBFL-2,CORBFL-3,CORBFL-6,CORBFL-12,
Grow out is the standard method of the USDA. This method is a temporary standard for National Seed Health System.
No effective seed treatments known.
Schuster ML and Smith CC, 1983. Surveillance and seed transmission of three strains of Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Fitopatologia Brasileira, 8:87-92
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Calzolari A, Cavanni P and Ponti I, 1987. Bacterial and fungus diseases of soyabean. Informatore Fitopatologico, 37:7-12
Dunleavy JM, 1986. Effect of temperature on systemic spread of tan spot of soybean from seed to unifoliate leaves. Phytopathology 76:1079 ;
CORBFL-4,Dunleavy JM, 1988. Bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases affecting soybean leaves. In: Wyllie TD, Scott DH, eds. Soybean Diseases of the North Central Region. St. Paul, USA: American Phytopathological Society, 40-46.
A. J. González, J. C. Tello, and M. R. Rodicio. 2005. Bacterial Wilt of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens in Southeastern Spain, Plant Disease, 89:1361
Seed Health Testing Method B4.1 Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. The National Seed Health System (NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Pseudomonas syringae pv aptata
bacterium
Bacterium aptatum, Chlorobacter aptatus, Phytomonas aptata, Pseudomonas aptata
Asia, Australia, Europe, India, Iran, North and South Korea, New South Wales, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom
CA, MA, OR, PA, UT, VA, WA
China
2021-04-26
swiis chard, sugar beets
No
PSDMPT-9,
Not a host. Common bean as a host has been established by artificial inoculation only. No evidence of natural infections.A known host by artificial inoculation only (PSDMPT-9)
PSDMPT-9,
Ark and Leach, 1946. Seed Transmission of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Sugar Beet. Phytopathology 36: 549-553
Rhodococcus fascians
bacterium
Corynebacterium fascians, Bacterium fascians, Phytomonas fascians, Pseudobacterium fascians, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus
Europe, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Iran, Russia, Egypt, Colombia
Widespread
Brazil, Thailand
2023-08-21
Though found in many US states, the pathogen is usually restricted and localized. Probably Worldwide, though not reported. Disease outbreaks are sporadic and usually related to poor sanitation. Bulbs, floral and greenhouse crops most susceptible to disease outbreaks. No reports of seed as a pathway in vegetables and agronomic crops.
Primarily a pest of ornamentals, woody ornamentals and floowers. Vegetables and agronomic crops reported susceptible to the bacterium are listed below. Transmits primarily through propagation.
No
CORBFA-3,CORBFA-2,
Listed as a potential host in CABI CPC but no references found verifying bean as a host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CORBFA-3,CORBFA-2,
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris
phytoplasma
Worldwide
Widespread
2021-11-15
AY phytoplasmas are not seed transmissable and seed is not a pathway in any host.
Wide host range, primarily herbaceous dicots, though strains infect monocots and woody ornamentals
No
PHY01-1,PHY01-2
Seed is not a pathway for AY phytoplasmas
PHY01-1,PHY01-2
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola
bacterium
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas phaseolicola
Worldwide
Reported in the US where beans are grown. Not common in dry climates where most bean seed is produced.
2023-08-21
Primarily species of Phaseolus. Reported on pea and soybean, though rare
Yes
PSDMPH-1,PSDMPH-4,PSDMPH-7,ISF RPLD,
Seed transmission of this pathogen is well documented and accepted by the industry for common bean
Seed wash, dilution plating is the standard test of the NSHS
PSDMPH-1,PSDMPH-4,PSDMPH-7,ISF RPLD,
Seed wash, Dilution plating
PSDMPH-2,PSDMPH-3,
This test has been standardized and validated. Commercial testing is available.
AntibioticsÂ
PSDMPH-5,PSDMPH-6,
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Grogan RG, Kimble KA, 1967. The role of seed contamination in the transmission of Pseudomonas phaseolicola in Phaseolis vulgaris. Phytopathology, 57:28-31.
Zaumeter. 1932. Comparative pathological histology of three bacterial diseases of Bean. Journal of Agricultural Research 44; 605-632
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola Seed Health Testing Method International Seed Testing Association, 2016. www.seedtest.org Zurich Switzerland
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola Seed Health Testing Method Be 1.2. 2016.National Seed Health System. www.nshs.iastate.edu
Hagedorn DJ, 1967. Streptomycin seed treatment for control of bean halo blight. Plant Disease Reporter, 51:544-548.
Taylor and Dudley. 1977. Seed treatment for the control of halo-blight of beans (Pseudomonas phaseolicola). Annuals of Applied Biology 85; 223-232
Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi
nematode
Aphelenchoides ribes, Aphelenchoides phyllophagus, Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi, Pathophelenchus ritzemabosi, Pseudaphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Tylenchus ribes
Worldwide
CA, CO, WY, FL
China
2021-09-14
Has restricted distribution in China
Primary hosts are chrysanthemum and strawberry. Reported on a wide range of hosts, only important hosts listed below.
No
APLORI-1,APLORI-2,
No evidence that seed is a pathway. Only seed of Chinese aster a known pathway for this nematode (APLORI-1)
APLORI-1,APLORI-2,
Brown, 1956. A seed-borne attack of chrysanthemum eelworm (Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) on the annual aster (Callistephus chinensis). Journal of Helminthology, 30:145-148.
Aphelencoides ritzemabosi In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Colletotrichum acutatum
fungus
Glomerella acutata
Worldwide
Widespread
Chile, Mexico
2022-02-08
Colletotrichum acutatum has not been considered to be a quarantine pest by EPPO or any other regional plant protection organization. This pathogen has been reported in Mexico. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
Reported in many hosts including pepper, celery and common bean, but economically important in only strawberries
No
COLLAC-1,
Not an important host of this pathogen. Seed is not considered a pathway in any host.
COLLAC-1,
Colletotrichum acutatum In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Botrytis fabae
fungus
Worldwide
CA
Brazil
2021-10-26
Reported in many countries but only widespread in Egypt and the United Kingdom
Primarily a pathogen of faba or broad bean. May attack pea, common bean, soybean and lentils, though not often and not as severly.
No
BOTFRA-1,BOTRFA-7,
There is no evidence that seed is a pathway for this pathogen in this crop. This is a minor pathogen for common bean.
BOTFRA-1,BOTRFA-7,
Botrytis fabae In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Beaver, R.E., Weeds, P.L. 2004, Taxonomy and Genetic Variation of Botrytis and Botryotinia; 29-52. In Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control. Elad, Y. et. al., eds. Kluwer Acedemic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Verticillium nigrescens
fungus
China, Japan, Canada, Italy, Australia, New Zealand. (Most likely a worldwide saprophyte.)
GA, MS, MO
Brazil
2022-10-09
Not considered a highly virulent fungal pathogen. Often found as a saprophyte or weakly pathogenic at most. This fungus should not be regulated on seed.
Soybean and cotton are main hosts, but even on these hosts it is a weak pathogen. Has been isolated from other hosts, though primarily as a saprophyte or weakly pathogenic
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Reported as a weak pathogen on this host
Globisporangium splendens
fungus
Pythium splendens
Worldwide
Widespread
China, Mexico
2022-03-17
Primarily spread through propagative material. Primarily soil borne in nature. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
Wide host rainge, primarily flowers and ornamentals
No
PYTHSL-1,PYTHSL-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
PYTHSL-1,PYTHSL-2,
Phytophthora phaseoli
fungus
Phytophthora infestans var. phaseoli
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Congo Democratic Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Russia, Italy, Central America
KY, MN, OH, VT, VA, MD, DE, NJ
2022-06-27
The pathogen causes most disease loses on lima bean.
lima bean, common bean
No
PHYTPH-7,
Common bean is not an important host of the pathogen. Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen.
PHYTPH-7,
Evans, Thomas A., et al. 2007. Lima bean downy mildew: impact, etiology, and management strategies for Delaware and the Mid-Atlantic Region, US. Plant disease 91:128-135.
Verticillium albo-atrum
fungus
Verticillium albo-atrum var. caespitosum, Verticillium albo-atrum var. tuberosum
Worldwide, primarily in cool temperate climates and in potato producing areas
Widespread, especially in northern states
China, Thailand
2022-11-11
Many reports of Verticillium albo-atrum in crops reported prior to 1970 may have actually been Verticillium dahlia. Only lucerne, potatoes, tomatoes and hops are considered important hosts. This pathogen has been reported in China
Wide host range. An important pathogen of potatoes.
No
VERTAA-2,VERTAA-9,
On reference found indicating that common bean is attacked by this fungus, but no data presented. No evidence that seed is a pathway for this crop.
VERTAA-2,VERTAA-9,
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11
Prevalent in China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
No
VERTDA-16,
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on bean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
VERTDA-16,
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Broad bean wilt virus
virus
Broad bean wilt fabavirus, Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot virus, Nasturtium ringspot virus, Nasturtium white spot virus, Pea streak virus, Patchouli mild mosaic virus, Patchouli mild mottle virus, Petunia ringspot virus, Tropaeolum ringspot virus, Plantago II virus
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia; Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey; Europe: Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom; North America, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Argentina.
FL, MN, NY, OH, SC, VT, WI
Mexico
2024-09-03
Broad bean wilt virus has only shown possible seed transmission in faba beans through artificial inoculation. It is not known to be common in nature. The virus is transmissible by sap inoculation and by several aphid species in the non-persistent.
Broad bean wilt virus has been reported in natural infections of 180 species of 41 plant families and thus has a very extensive natural host range. Main host families are: Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae.
No
CABI CPC,DPV WEB
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABI CPC,DPV WEB
Tobacco mosaic virus
virus
TMV U1, type, Vulgare or Common strain
tobacco mosaic tobamovirus,
VMT (Virus mosaique de tabac)
Worldwide
Widespread
Mexico
2023-08-21
Broad host range. Cultivated species listed below.
No
Occasionally listed as a host, no evidence that seed is a pathway.
White clover mosaic virus
virus
Potexvirus
Western Australia. Possibly Japan, Turkey, Brazil, United Kingdom
IN
Brazil
2023-08-21
Primarily clover, pea, sweet pea, alfalfa. Artificially inoculated into other legumes and plant species in the laboratory. Only crops with reported natural infections of this virus included below.
No
WCLMV0-2,
Mechanically transmitted in laboratory studies. There is no evidence of that seed is a pathway for this host in nature.
WCLMV0-2,
Bancroft, Tuite & Hissong. 1960. Properties of White Clover Mosaic Virus in Indiana, Phytopathology 50: 711.
Southern bean mosaic virus
virus
Bean mosaic virus 4, Bean southern mosaic virus, Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, Southern bean mosaic virus 1, Phaseolusvirus
Asia, Africa, S. American, Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Europe.
AR, CA, FL, GA, LA, MD, MI, SC, TN, TX, VA
China, Korea
2022-08-16
Several strains of Southern bean mosaic virus are known and are very specific to thier host. SBMV-B infects bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) but not cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), SBMV-CP infects cowpea, Ghana strain (SBMV-G) infects cowpeas and some bean cultivars, Mexican strain (SBMV-M) (Severe bean mosaic strain) infects beans and some cowpea cultivars.
soybean, common bean, cowpea
Yes
SBMV00-2,ISF RPLD,SBMV00-4,SBMV00-7,SBMV00-8,
Seed as a pathway has been demonstrated.
SBMV00-2,ISF RPLD,SBMV00-4,SBMV00-7,SBMV00-8,
Serological test and bioassay
SBMV00-12,
ELISA and other serological tests have been applied for other hosts. Test has not been validated or standardized.
SBMV00-9,
Control leaf beetle vector shown to be effective. Resistant varieties are known.
McDonald J.G.& Hamilton R.I., 1972. Distribution of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus in the Seed of Phaseolus vulgaris.Phytopathology 62:387.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Uyemoto JK, Grogan RG, 1977. Southern bean mosaic virus: evidence for seed transmission in bean embryos. Phytopathology 67:1190-1196
Chalam VC, Khetarpal RK, Parakh DB, Maurya AK, Anju Jain, Shamsher Singh, 2005. Interception of seed-transmitted viruses in French bean germplasm imported during 2002-2003. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 33:134-138.
Gay JD, 1973. Effect of plant variety and infection age on the presence of southern bean mosaic virus in floral parts and unripe seeds of Vigna sinensis. Plant Disease Reporter, 5:13-14
Hampton RO; Albrechtsen SE; Mathur SB, 1992. Seed health (viruses) of Vigna unguiculata selections from developing countries. Seed Science and Technology, 20:23-38
Walters HJ, 1970, Bean Leaf Beetle as a Vector of the Cowpea strain of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus. Phytopathology 60:177.
Bean pod mottle virus
virus
Bean pod mottle comovirus, Pod mottle virus, Pod mottle of bean
Iran, Nigeria, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Canada
Widespread
China, Korea
2021-09-16
soybean, bean
No
BPMV00-9,BPMV00-1,DVP WEB,
Bean seed as a pathway may be inferred due to soybean. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
BPMV00-9,BPMV00-1,DVP WEB,
Tomato spotted wilt virus
virus
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.
No
TSWV00-1,TSWV00-2,
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
TSWV00-1,TSWV00-2,
Cotton leaf crumple virus
virus
Cotton leaf crumple bigeminivirus
India, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Mexico, Guatemala
AZ, CA, TX
China
2022-02-08
Seed is not known to be a pathway fo geminiviruses
cotton, bean
No
CLCRV0-2,ISF RPLD,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this virus
CLCRV0-2,ISF RPLD,
Cowpea severe mosaic virus
virus
Cowpea severe mosaic comovirus, Puerto Rico cowpea mosaic virus
Trinidad and Tobago,Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Costa
Rica, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil, Peru
AR, IL
China
2022-02-15
soybean, mung bean, cowpea
No
CPSMV0-3,DVP WEB,ISF RPLD,
Common bean is primarily a local lesion host. Some Phaseolus spp. may be systemic hosts. No references found indicating that Phaseolus vulgaris is a natural host for this virus. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CPSMV0-3,DVP WEB,ISF RPLD,
Broad bean stain virus
virus
Asia, Europe, Africa
Not known to occur
China
2021-04-01
Faba bean
No
VIDE PVO,
Host by artificial inoculation only. Only Vicia faba known to be a natural host.
VIDE PVO,
Brunt, AA, Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, MJ, Gibbs, AJ, Watson, L. and Zurcher, EJ. (eds.). Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database, Version: 16th 1997. http://bio-mirror.im.ac.cn/mirrors/pvo/vide/refs.htm
Pleospora herbarum
fungus
Too many to list, most commonly used names include Alternaria putrefaciens, Clasterosporium putrefaciens, Sporidesmium putrefaciens, Stemphyllium botryosum, Stemphylium herbarum.
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21
Primarily a post harvest pathogen
Wide host range
No
PLEOHE-11,
Reference above cites one publication from 1938, but this reference discussed techniques for detection. No other references found indicating seed is a pathway.
PLEOHE-11,
Richardson, MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Aphanomyces euteiches
fungus
-
Asia: China, India, Japan; Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
ID, IL, IA, KY, MN, MS, NY, NC, ND, OR, SD, VT, VI, WA, WI
Mexico
2024-06-09
Not known to be seed transmitted. Long-distance spread is mediated by transportation of contaminated soil or materials, or of infected plants (CABI).
alfalfa, lucerne, bean, pea, lentil, faba bean, clover
No
CABI CPC
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen
CABI CPC
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Bean golden mosaic virus
virus
Bean golden mosaic begomoivirus, Bean golden mosaic geminivirus, Bean golden mosaic virus (type 1) Brazil
South America
Not known to occur
Korea
2021-09-16
All reported detections in the US have been invalidated. Transmitted by Bemisia spp. whitefly. Occurs especially in Brazil.
common bean, soybean, other beans
No
BGMV00-1,BGMV00-2,BGMV00-3,ISF RPLD,
No reports of natural seed transmission found. DVP (BGMV00-2) states that Bean golden mosaic virus is not seed transmitted. Tough one reference (BGMV00-3) was able to detect cloned DNA components of the virus in seed artificially inoculated with these components, intact virus was not used or recovered.
BGMV00-1,BGMV00-2,BGMV00-3,ISF RPLD,
Bean golden mosaic virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Goodman RM and bird J. 1978. Bean golden mosaic virus Datasheet 192. Description of Plant Viruses. dvpweb.net
Aragao FJL, Brasileiro ACM, Ribeiro SG, Faria JC, Rech EL, 1995. Inoculation of bean and soybean with cloned bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) DNA using particle acceleration. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 20:642-644
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Abutilon mosaic virus
virus
Abutilon infectious variegation virus, Abutilon mosaic bigeminivirus, Abutilon mosaic geminivirus, Bean chlorotic mottle virus, Dwarf mosaic geminivirus, Infectious chlorosis of Malvaceae, Malvaceous chlorosis geminivirus
South America
HI
Korea
2023-03-29
The mosaic disease caused by this virus is considered decorative in Abutilon spp. and is not detrimental to the species. Distribution is probably worldwide in Abutilon spp. Whitefly transmitted geminivirus. Abutilon mocaic virus is not seed transmitted.
Primarily in Abutilon spp. and other Malvaceae spp. common bean, cowpea.
No
ABMV00-2,ABMV00-3,
This virus is a whitefly transmitted geminivirus and is not known to be seed transmitted.
ABMV00-2,ABMV00-3,
Jeske, 2000. Abutilon mosaic virus Datasheet 373. Description of Plant Viruses; wwwdvpweb.net
EFSA Panel on Plant Health, 2013. Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Bemisia tabaci species complex and viruses it transmits for the EU territory. EFSA Journal, 11(4). 3162. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/3162.pdf
Bean common mosaic necrosis virus
virus
Bean common mosaic necrosis potyvirus, Bean common mosaic virus, Bean mosaic virus, Bean virus 1, Common bean mosaic virus, Phaseolus virus 1
Worldwide
CA, ID, MI, NY, WA
Korea
2024-08-30
Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is a commonly accepted virus that infects legume crops globally and is transmitted by aphids and seeds.
Fabaceae family. Main: common bean.
Yes
BCMNV0-1,BCMNV0-2,ISF RPLD,BCMNV0-4,BCMNV0-5,BCMNV0-6
Seed as a pathway for Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is established and accepted. Bean common mosaic necrosis strain is a strain of Bean common mosaic virus.
BCMNV0-1,BCMNV0-2,ISF RPLD,BCMNV0-4,BCMNV0-5,BCMNV0-6
ELISA
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
ELISA has been described for Bean common mosaic virus. Since Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is a strain of Bean common mosaic virus, serological tests developed for Bean common mosaic virus work for Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Commercial testing is available.
Cultural
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
The use of resistant varieties and implementing a quality systems approach in seed production should minimize potential risk.
Morales FJ and Castano M. 1987. Seed transmission characteristics of selected bean common mosaic virus strains in differential bean cultivars. Plant Disease 71:51-53
Bean common mosaic necorsis virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Pasev, G., Kostova, D., & Sofkova, S. (2014). Identification of genes for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding lines using conventional and molecular methods. Journal of Phytopathology, 162(1), 19-25
Mavrič, I., & ŠUŠTAR-VOZLIČ, J. (2004). Virus diseases and resistance to Bean common mosaic and Bean common mosaic necrosis potyvirus in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Acta agriculturae slovenica, 83(1), 181-190.
Awale, H. E., Wiersma, A. T., Wright, E. M., Buell, C. R., Kelly, J. D., Cichy, K. A., & Haus, M. J. (2024). Anthracnose and bean common mosaic necrosis virus resistance in wild and landrace Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) genetic stocks. Crop Science
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus
virus
Oman
Not known to occur
Korea
2022-12-01
Whitefly transmitted virus.Not to be confused with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus affecting mungbean in Asia.
Only reported in cucumber, kidney bean. Tomato and soybean are uncommon hosts.
No
Only reported in kidney bean. No references found indicating seed is a pathway or that common bean is infected.
Beet curly top virus
virus
Beet curly top geminivirus, beet curly top hybrigeminivirus, potato green dwarf virus, sugarbeet curly top virus, sugarbeet curly-leaf virus, sugarbeet virus 1, tomato yellow virus, tomato yellows virus, western yellow blight virus
Africa: Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt; Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Turkey; Europe: Cyprus, Italy; North America: Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay.
Widespread
Korea
2024-06-19
BCTV is spread locally by insect vectors and internationally through infected host material or vectors. It is not known to be a seed transmitted virus in any host. It is More common in the western US where vectors are more common.
celery, table beet, sugarbeet, pepper, cucumber, cucurbits, common bean, tomato, cowpeas
No
BCTV00-5,CABI CPC
Seed is not known to be a pathway in any host of Beet curly top virus.
BCTV00-5,CABI CPC
Cowpea mild mottle virus
virus
Bean angular mosaic virus, Cowpea mild mottle carlavirus, Eggplant mild mottle virus, Groundnut crinkle virus, Groundnut ngomeni mottle virus, Psophocarpus necrotic mosaic virus,Tomato pale chlorosis virus,Voandzeia mosaic virus
Asia, Africa, Oceania, Belgium, Netherlands
Not known to occur
Korea
2022-11-11
The virus is transmitted by white flies.
cowpea, soybean, common bean, tomato, peanut, faba bean
No
CPMMV0-5,CPMMV0-9,CPMMV0-4,
Pathway not proven. Seed transmission in bean is contradictory, as early reports (Brunt and Kenten, 1973) were done with seed recovered from artificially inoculated plants. Later references (Costa, et.al., 1983) were unable to detect the virus using direct ELISA tests on seed from naturally infected plants. No references found indicating that seed is a natural pathway for Cowpea mild mottle virus in bean.
CPMMV0-5,CPMMV0-9,CPMMV0-4,
ELISA
CPMMV0-9,
This test has not been validated or standardized.
Brunt AA and Kenten RH, 1973. Cowpea mild mottle, a newly recognized virus infecting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Ghana. Annals of Applied Biology, 74:67-74
Costa, A. S.; Gaspar, J. O. and Vega, J. 1983. Angular mosaic of the Phaseolus vulgaris variety Jalo, caused by a carlavirus transmitted by the white-fly Bemisia tabaci. Fitopatologia Brasileira 8:325-337
Jeyanandarajah and Brunt AA 1993. The Natural Occurrence, Transmission, Properties and Possible Affinities of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus. Journal of Phytopathology 109: 245-253
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
virus
Bean yellow stipple virus, Marmor flavopunctum,Virus del moteado amarillo
USA, Costa Rica
Unknown, appears to be restricted.
Korea
2023-04-27
Beetle transmitted bromovirus. Sporadic outbreaks over the years, as resistance and beetle control have improved.
bean, soybean, cowpea
No
CCMV00-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CCMV00-3,
Brunt, AA, Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, MJ, Gibbs, AJ, Watson, L. and Zurcher, EJ. (eds.). Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database, Version: 16th 1997. http://bio-mirror.im.ac.cn/mirrors/pvo/vide/refs.htm
Tobacco rattle virus
virus
Aster ringspot virus, Belladonna mosaic virus,Paeony mosaic virus, Paeony ringspot virus,Peony mosaic virus, Peony ringspot virus,Potato corky ringspot virus, Potato stem mottle virus,Ratel virus, Spinach yellow mottle virus, Tabakmauche Virus, Tabakstreifen und Kra, Tobacco rattle tobravirus,Tulip white streak virus
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2021-04-22
Transmitted in nature primarily by trichodorus and paratrichodorus nematodes. Seed is only known to be a pathway in some weed species.
Extensive host range
No
TRV000-1,TRV000-3,TRV000-5,
Bean can be a host for Tobacco rattle virus, though disease problems are rare. No reference found indicating that bean seed is a pathway
TRV000-1,TRV000-3,TRV000-5,
Tobacco rattle virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Richardson, MJ., 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland
Robinson DJ and Harrison BD. 1989. Tobacco rattle virus Datasheet 346. Description of Plant Viruses; www.dvpweb.net.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
bacterium
Many
Worldwide
Widespread
Thailand, China, Korea
2022-12-01
Seed is known to be a pathway on several crops. Thailand lists this pathogen as prohibited on corn. China lists this pathogen (Pseudomonas oryzicola) as prohibited on rice.
Wide host range. Important vegetable and agronomic crops listed below.
Yes
PSDMSY-2,PSDMSY-8,PSDMSY-9,PSDMSY-11,
Seed as a pathway is well established and accepted.
Seed wash agar plating is the standard method of the NSHS.
PSDMSY-2,PSDMSY-8,PSDMSY-9,PSDMSY-11,
Seed wash and agar plating
PSDMSY-10,
This test has been standardized and validated
PSDMSY-1,
Seed certification is commonly used to reduce risk.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon, Switzerland
Rich JJ, Willis DK, 1997. Multiple loci of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae are involved in pathogenicity on bean: restoration of one lesion-deficient mutant requires two tRNA genes. Journal of Bacteriology 179:2247-2258
Legard, D.E. and Schwartz, H.F. 1987. Sources and management of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae epiphytes on dry beans in Colorado. Phytopathology 77(11):1503-1509
Hall R, 1991. Compendium of Bean Diseases. St Paul, Minnesota, USA: APS Press
Mohan, S.K. and Schaad, N.W. 1987. An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed. Phytopathology 77(10):1390-1395.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Pseudocochliobolus pallescens
fungus
Cochliobolus pallescens, Curvularia leonensis, Curvularia pallescens
Africa, Southeast Asia, Caribbean, South America, Pakistan, Australia, Denmark, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Togo, Canada, Mexico
DC, IA
Korea
2023-08-21
pepper, corn, bean, fava bean, wheat , rice, sorghum, sugarcane, soybean, potato, buckwheat,
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Pythium vexans
fungus
Pythium complectens, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium allantocladon, Pythium ascophallon, Pythium piperinum, Ovatisporangium vexans, Pythium euthyphyphon, Pythium polycladon
Africa, Asia, Europe, Guatemala, Caribbean, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, South Korea, New Zealand, Canada
HI, OK, CA, NC, MD, VA, DE, PA, NJ, WA, TN, LA, WI, IA
Korea
2023-08-21
Primarily affecting seedlings and roots and is transmitted mainly through infested soil. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host. Zoospores of this fungus can swim in open water for a short distance. This pathogen has been reported in S. Korea. Korea lists this pathogen as Phytopythium vexans
Wide host range
No
PYTHVE-1,PYTHVE-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
PYTHVE-1,PYTHVE-3,
Tobacco necrosis virus
virus
Bean stipple streak virus, Chenopodium necrosis necrovirus, Cucumber systemic necrosis virus, Euonymus mosaic virus, Strawberry necrotic rosette virus, Tobacco necrosis necrovirus, Tulip Augusta disease virus, Tulip necrosis virus
South Africa, Japan, India, China, Turkey, Europe, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil
CA, IL, NE, NY, UT, WI
Korea
2021-04-22
Tobacco necrosis virus probably worldwide, but often overlooked because it infects roots only. Seed is not known to be a pathway for this virus.
carrot, bean, cucumber, tomato, beet, potato, tulip
No
TNV000-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
TNV000-2,
CABI, 2020
Kassanis, B., 1970. Tobacco necrosis virus. Datasheet 14. Description of Plant Viruses; www.dvpweb.net.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
bacterium
Bacterium angulatum, Bacterium tabaci, Bacterium tabacum, Chlorobacter angulatum, Chlorobacter tabaci, Phytomonas angulata, Phytomonas tabaci, Pseudomonas angulata, Pseudomonas tabaci, Xanthomonas tabaci
Worldwide
Eastern and southeastern states.
Thailand
2022-12-01
soybean, common bean, pea, pepper, cucumber, tomato, eggplant
No
PSDMTA-2,PSDMTA-4,
One strain has been reported on P. vulgaris and its distribution is limited to Brazil. On P. vulgaris, the bacterium only attacks leaves and does not infect pods or seeds directly.
PSDMTA-2,PSDMTA-4,
PSDMTA-2,
Seed productions in Brazil should be routinely inspected for P. syringae pv. tabaci.
Pratylenchus brachyurus
nematode
Anguillulina brachyura, Pratylenchus leiocephalus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus steineri, Tylenchus brachyurus
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-06-28
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Common in tropics (PRATBR-1)
Wide host range
No
PRATBR-2,PRATBR-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
PRATBR-2,PRATBR-3,
Nematospora coryli
fungus
Eremothecium coryli
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-12-01
Requires stink bug feeding to transmit fungus to seeds. (NMATCO-3)
bean, soybean
No
NMATCO-4,RICH ISTA,
Pathway not proven. RICH ISTA, lists this pathogen as seed borne but indicates the fungus is only a common invader of insect punctured seed and not a seed borne pathogen. Primarily a seed quality issue and it is unclear from the literature of the importance of seed inoculum in transmission.
NMATCO-4,RICH ISTA,
Use clean seed
NMATCO-4,
The disease is managed additionally with weed control and insect control.
Schwartz, HF. 2005. Yeast Spot. In, Compendium of Bean Diseases, 2nd ed. Schwartz HF, Steadman JR and Hall R., eds. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul MN.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Boeremia exigua var. exigua
fungus
Ascochyta asteris, Ascochyta cyphomandrae, Ascochyta hydrangeae, Ascochyta nicotianae, Ascochyta phaseolorum, Ascochyta sonchi, Phoma exigua f.sp. exigua, Phoma exigua var. exigua, Phoma herbarum, Phoma herbarum f. brassicae, Phoma herbarum f. hyoscyami, Phoma herbarum f. schoberiae, Phoma herbarum var. dulcamaricola, Phoma linicola, Phoma solanicola, Phoma solanophila, Phoma tuberosa, Phyllosticta decidua, Phyllosticta hortorum, Phyllosticta mulgedii, Phyllosticta sambuci, Phyllosticta vincae-majoris, Phyllosticta vincae-minoris
Worldwide. CABI: B. exigua var. exigua is almost certainly ubiquitous worldwide, but many records fail to specify the variety that it is not possible to provide particular country/state information. There are undoubtedly many records under the many synonyms and these require re-examination.
Widespread
Korea
2024-09-04
This pathogen has been reported in Korea under other synonyms. This is a weak pathogen capable of persisting in soil and also transmitted by rainsplash-dispersed conidia. Common bean and possible sugarcane are the only hosts shown where seed may be a pathway.
B. exigua var. exigua is a ubiquitous weak or secondary pathogen on more than 200 different plant genera. Main hosts are in the Fabaaceae and Solanaceae familes.
Yes
PHOMHE-4,ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,PHOMHE-6,PHOMHE-7
Reports show seed is a pathway, however; it is not clear how much seed contributes to the epidemiology of the disease.
PHOMHE-4,ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,PHOMHE-6,PHOMHE-7
Blotter and agar incubation
PHOMHE-4,ISF RPLD
Tests have not been standardized or validated
Cultural, Chemical
ISF RPLD,PHOMHE-7
Suggested management strategies suggest using resistant varieties, crop rotation, field inspections, wide plant spacing, clean seed planting, seed treatment, and foliar fungicide application.
Yesuf M and Sangchote S. 2005. Occurrence and distribution of major seedborne fungi associated with Phaseolus bean seeds in Ethiopia. Kasetsart Journal, Natural Sciences, 39:216-225.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Boerema, G.H., Crueger, G., Gerlagh, M. and Nirenberg, H. (1981). Phoma exigua var. diversispora and related fungi on Phaseolus beans. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 88(10):597-607.
Koder, S. B., Nawale, R., Katyayani, K. K. S., Rana, M., & Srivastava, S. (2022). Symptoms, biology and management of ascochyta blight (Phoma exigua) of French beans: A review. Agricultural Science Digest-A Research Journal, 42(6), 657-664.
Grovesinia pyramidalis
fungus
Botrytis moricola, Cristulariella moricola, Hinomyces moricola, Sclerotium cinnamomi, Sclerotinia moricola, Botryotinia moricola, Cristulariella pyramidalis, Grovesinia moricola
Asia, Brazil
Southeast and Eastern States.
Korea
2021-04-20
Korea lists this pathogen as Cristulariella moricola. This pathogen has been reported in Korea (ARS GRIN)
Walnuts, grapes, other trees and woody ornamentals.
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Xiphinema index
nematode
Diversiphinema index
Asia, Europe, South Africa, Tunisia, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Peru, Argentina
CA
Korea
2021-04-22
Seed is not a pathway for this nematode. Also known as a dagger nematode.
grapevines, citrus, apple, rose, other trees
No
XIPHIN-1,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode. Bean is not known to be an important host.
XIPHIN-1,
Xiphinema index. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Alternaria alternata
fungus
Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria tenuissima, many others
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-09-13
Korea listed this pathogen as Alternaria spp. A. alternata, A. tenuis and A. tenuissima have all been reported in Korea. A. alternata has often been found on seed in laboratory testing. There is little evidence of seed transmission. This fungus is ubiquitous and often of minor importance in its hosts.
Wide host range
No
ALTEAL-3,ALTEAL-23,
Pathway not proven. A. alternata is a weak pathogen of bean and has been found on bean seed in laboratory surveys and seed quality may be affected by toxins produced. There is no correlation between seed contamination and transmission in the greenhouse. No references were found indicating seed transmission in the field.
ALTEAL-3,ALTEAL-23,
ALTEAL-1,
Seed treatments affective against A. alternata have been described for other hosts.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, switzerland
Moraes, M.H.D. and Menten, J.O.M. (2006). Transmission of Alternaria spp. by common bean seeds and its effects on physiological quality. Summa Phytopathologica 32(4):381-383
Alternaria alternata. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Ditylenchus dipsaci
nematode
Anguillula devastatrix, Anguillula dipsaci, Anguillula secalis, Anguillulina dipsaci,Anguillulina dipsaci var. communis, Ditylenchus allocotus, Ditylenchus amsinckiae, Ditylenchus dipsaci var. tobaensis, Ditylenchus fragariae,Ditylenchus sonchophila, Ditylenchus trifolii, Tylenchus allii Tylenchus devastator, Tylenchus devastatrix
Tylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchus havensteini, Tylenchus hyacinthi, Tylenchus putrefaciens
Worldwide in temperate climates.
Widespread
Brazil
2023-05-05
Ditylenchus dipsaci is known to attack over 450 different plant species, including many weeds. There are approximately 20 biological races known that tend to prefer certain hosts.
No
ISF RPLD,DITYDI-3,
No references found indicating that seed of common bean is a pathway. Some references list seed of other species of Phaseolus as a pathway.
ISF RPLD,DITYDI-3,
Colletotrichum truncatum
fungus
Colletotrichum dematium f. sp.truncatum, Vermicularia truncata
Worldwide
Widespread
Chile, Mexico
2022-11-11
A possible anamporh of Colletotrichum capsici (ARS GRIN)
soybean, pepper, tomato, bean, pea and a broad range of weed species
No
ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,ARS GRIN,
Common bean has been reported as a host. There is no evidence indicating seed is a pathway on common bean and no references were found.
ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,ARS GRIN,
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Farr, DF and Rossman AY 2015. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Peanut stunt virus
virus
black locust true mosaic virus, clover blotch virus, groundnut stunt virus, peanut common mosaic virus, peanut stunt cucumovirus, robinia mosaic virus
Morocco, Sudan, Asia, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain
Southeast, Midwest states, WA
Brazil
2023-04-05
Common virus in peanuts. Can be seedborne in peanuts at low levels.
Primarily a virus of Fabaceae family, tomato, celery,
No
ISF RPLD,CABI CPC,
Bean is not commonly known as a host of PSV. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
ISF RPLD,CABI CPC,
Phakopsora meibomiae
fungus
Aecidium crotalariae, Aecidium crotalariicola, Malupa vignae, Phakopsora aeschynomenes, Phakopsora crotalariae, Phakopsora diehlii, Phakopsora psoraleae, Phakopsora vignae, Physopella aeschynomenes, Physopella concors, Physopella meibomiae, Uredo aeschynomenes, Uredo concors, Uredo teramni, Uredo vignae
North America: Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, US Virgin Islands, USA; South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.
FL, HI, KY
South Korea
2024-06-25
P. meibomiae is a rust native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas that has a broad host range among legume species. (CABI) Urediniospores are distributed by the wind locally and over long-distances (CABI; PHAKME-2; PHAKME-3)
soybean, bean
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABI CPC
Seed treatments have been used as a means of controlling early season infection by wind blown spores.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
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