Tobacco streak virus

virus

Annulus orae, Asparagus stunt virus, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Micotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus vulaerans, Tobacoo streak ilarvirus, Tracttus orea

Worldwide

CA, CO, FL ID IA, KT, MA, MI, MN, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, WA, WI

Korea, Thailand

2022-11-04

Requires thrips to transmit from plant to plant.

Extensive host range includes many weeds, fruit and ornamental plant species. Over 70 species reported as hosts. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important hosts of Tobacco streak virus

Yes

TSV000-1,TSV000-3,TSV000-8,

Seed as a pathway is well documented and accepted by the industry, though disease from the virus is uncommon.

TSV000-1,TSV000-3,TSV000-8,

Indicator plants

TSV000-1,TSV000-3,

ELISA kits available, but have not been validated for seed.

TSV000-1,

No seed treatments available.

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens

bacterium

Bacterium flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens ssp. flaccumfaciens, Phytomonas flaccumfaciens, Pseudomonas flaccumfaciens

South Europe, North Africa, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Australia

CO, CT, ID, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, OR, VA, WI, WY

Chile, China, Mexico, Korea

2023-08-21

Rare in common bean with certification schemes. Found in most bean and soybean production areas

beans, soybean, cowpea, mung bean

Yes

CORBFL-5,CORBFL-11

Bean seed as a pathway for this pathogen is established and accepted.

Grow out

CORBFL-5,CORBFL-11

Grow out, Serological, PCR

CORBFL-2,CORBFL-3,CORBFL-6,CORBFL-12,

Grow out is the standard method of the USDA. This method is a temporary standard for National Seed Health System.

No effective seed treatments known.

Pseudomonas syringae pv aptata

bacterium

Bacterium aptatum, Chlorobacter aptatus, Phytomonas aptata, Pseudomonas aptata

Asia: Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, North Korea, South Korea; Europe: Hungary, Italy, Russia, Serbia, UK; North America: USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.

CA, GA, ME, OH, OR, PA, UT, VA, WA

China

2024-09-09

Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata is spread through rain and irrigation. During cultivation it can be transmitted by workers and tools. It is not known to be seedborne.

Main: sugarbeet, pepper, cucumber, sunflower, lettuce, common bean, eggplant, nasturtium, faba bean, cowpea. Other: melon.

No

PSDMPT-9,

Not a host. Common bean as a host has been established by artificial inoculation only. No evidence of natural infections.A known host by artificial inoculation only (PSDMPT-9)

PSDMPT-9,

Rhodococcus fascians

bacterium

Corynebacterium fascians, Bacterium fascians, Phytomonas fascians, Pseudobacterium fascians, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus

Europe, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Iran, Russia, Egypt, Colombia

Widespread

Brazil, Thailand

2023-08-21

Though found in many US states, the pathogen is usually restricted and localized. Probably Worldwide, though not reported. Disease outbreaks are sporadic and usually related to poor sanitation. Bulbs, floral and greenhouse crops most susceptible to disease outbreaks. No reports of seed as a pathway in vegetables and agronomic crops.

Primarily a pest of ornamentals, woody ornamentals and floowers. Vegetables and agronomic crops reported susceptible to the bacterium are listed below. Transmits primarily through propagation.

No

CORBFA-3,CORBFA-2,

Listed as a potential host in CABI CPC but no references found verifying bean as a host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

CORBFA-3,CORBFA-2,

Candidatus phytoplasma asteris

phytoplasma

Aconitum proliferation, Aconitum virescence, Alberta aster yellows, alfalfa stunt, Alstroemeria decline, American aster yellows, Anemone virescence, apple sessile leaf, apricot chlorotic leaf roll, azalea little leaf, banana elephantiasis, basil little leaf, Bermuda grass white leaf, black currant reversion, black pepper yellows, blueberry stunt, broccoli phyllody, Bunias phyllody, cactus virescence, cactus witches'-broom, Calendula virescence, canola yellows, Cardaria phyllody, carrot proliferation, carrot yellows, cassava phyllody phytoplasma, cassava witches' broom, Catharanthus little leaf, Catharanthus virescence, chayote witches'-broom, cherry bunch leaf, cherry little leaf, chlorantie, Chrysanthemum witches'-broom, Chrysanthemum yellows, Cirsium stunt, Cirsium yellows, clover phyllody, columbine virescence, coorg black pepper yellows, cosmos phyllody, Cyclamen virescence, dandelion yellows, Delphinium virescence, dill yellows, Diplotaxis virescence, dogfennel yellows, dogwood stunt, dwarf western aster yellows, eastern aster yellows, Echinacea phyllody, eggplant dwarf, eggplant little leaf, Epilobium phyllody, Erigeron yellows, European aster yellows, false ragweed, Festuca yellows, Gaillardia yellows, Gladiolus virescence, grapevine yellows, grey dogwood stunt, hyacinth yellows, Hydrangea phyllody and virescence, Ipomoea obscura witches' broom, Italian cabbage yellows, Italian lettuce yellows, kale phyllody, larkspur virescence, lazy daisy yellows, lettuce yellows, lilac little leaf, Limonium proliferation, Limonium yellows, Lotus yellows, maize bushy stunt, mallow yellows, marguerite yellows, marigold phyllody, marigold virescence, Maryland aster yellows, Mitsuba witches' broom, monarda yellows, mulberry dwarf, multiplier disease, New England aster yellows, New Jersey aster yellows, oat proliferation, Oenothera virescence, olive witches'-broom, onion phyllody, onion virescence, onion yellows, Papaver virescence, parsley yellows, Paulownia witches' broom, peach red leaf disease, pear proliferation and decline, periwinkle little leaf, periwinkle witches' broom and virescence, periwinkle yellows, Phytoplasma asteris, plantain virescence, Poa stunt, poplar witches' broom, poplar yellows, Portulaca yellows, potato purple top, prickly lettuce yellows, Primula yellows, pumpkin yellows, purple coneflower yellows, Quercus proliferation, ragweed yellows, Ranunculus phyllody, rape phyllody, rape virescence, rose witches'-broom, ryegrass yellows, safflower phyllody, Salix proliferation, sandal spike, Saponaria proliferation, Schizanthus proliferation, severe western aster yellows, soybean purple stem, Spirea stunt, Stellaria yellows, strawberry green petal, strawberry phylloid fruit, strawberry stunting, Symphytum proliferation, Tacaco witches'-broom, Tagetes witches' broom, Thalictrum proliferation, tomato big bud, tomato yellows, turnip virescence, Veronica phyllody, watercress witches'-broom, western aster yellows, wild radish yellows

Worldwide

Widespread

-

2024-11-09

Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris is naturally transmitted by a wide range of leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons is reported to be the principal vector. Seed is not a pathway.

Wide host range, primarily herbaceous dicots, though strains infect monocots and woody ornamentals

No

CABI CPC

Seed is not a known pathway.

CABI CPC

Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola

bacterium

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas phaseolicola

Worldwide

Reported in the US where beans are grown. Not common in dry climates where most bean seed is produced.

2023-08-21

Primarily species of Phaseolus. Reported on pea and soybean, though rare

Yes

PSDMPH-1,PSDMPH-4,PSDMPH-7,ISF RPLD,

Seed transmission of this pathogen is well documented and accepted by the industry for common bean

Seed wash, dilution plating is the standard test of the NSHS

PSDMPH-1,PSDMPH-4,PSDMPH-7,ISF RPLD,

Seed wash, Dilution plating

PSDMPH-2,PSDMPH-3,

This test has been standardized and validated. Commercial testing is available.

Antibiotics 

PSDMPH-5,PSDMPH-6,

Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi

nematode

Aphelenchoides ribes, Aphelenchoides phyllophagus, Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi, Pathophelenchus ritzemabosi, Pseudaphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Tylenchus ribes

Africa: Mauritus, South Africa; Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Uzbekistan; Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK; North America: Cuba, Mexico, USA; Oceania: Fiji, New Zealand; South America: Brazil, Chile, Venezuela.

CA, CO, FL, WY.

China

2024-09-15

Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi primarily affects the leaves of chrysanthemums but also infects a wide range of ornamentals and vegetables. Seed is not known to be a pathway however there is one report from 1956 of transmission on aster seed.

Reported on a wide range of hosts. Main: Chrysanthemum, Dahlia, Strawberry; Other: sunflower, alfalfa, bean, tomato.

No

APLORI-1,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,APLORI-4

No evidence that seed is a pathway.

APLORI-1,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,APLORI-4

Colletotrichum acutatum

fungus

Glomerella acutata

Worldwide

Widespread

Chile, Mexico

2022-02-08

Colletotrichum acutatum has not been considered to be a quarantine pest by EPPO or any other regional plant protection organization. This pathogen has been reported in Mexico. Seed is not known to be a pathway.

Reported in many hosts including pepper, celery and common bean, but economically important in only strawberries

No

COLLAC-1,

Not an important host of this pathogen. Seed is not considered a pathway in any host.

COLLAC-1,

Botrytis fabae

fungus

Botryotinia fabae

Worldwide

CA

Brazil

2024-11-10

Reported in many countries but only widespread in Egypt and the United Kingdom

Main: faba bean; Other: soybean, lentil, common bean, pea.

No

BOTRFA-7,CABI CPC

There is no evidence that seed is a pathway for this pathogen in this crop. This is a minor pathogen for common bean.

BOTRFA-7,CABI CPC

Verticillium nigrescens

fungus

China, Japan, Canada, Italy, Australia, New Zealand. (Most likely a worldwide saprophyte.)

GA, MS, MO

Brazil

2022-10-09

Not considered a highly virulent fungal pathogen. Often found as a saprophyte or weakly pathogenic at most. This fungus should not be regulated on seed.

Soybean and cotton are main hosts, but even on these hosts it is a weak pathogen. Has been isolated from other hosts, though primarily as a saprophyte or weakly pathogenic

No

No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Reported as a weak pathogen on this host

Globisporangium splendens

fungus

Pythium splendens

Worldwide

Widespread

China, Mexico

2022-03-17

Primarily spread through propagative material. Primarily soil borne in nature. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.

Wide host rainge, primarily flowers and ornamentals

No

PYTHSL-1,PYTHSL-2,

Seed is not known to be a pathway.

PYTHSL-1,PYTHSL-2,

Phytophthora phaseoli

fungus

Phytophthora infestans var. phaseoli

Philippines, Sri Lanka, Congo Democratic Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Russia, Italy, Central America

KY, MN, OH, VT, VA, MD, DE, NJ

2022-06-27

The pathogen causes most disease loses on lima bean.

lima bean, common bean

No

PHYTPH-7,

Common bean is not an important host of the pathogen. Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen.

PHYTPH-7,

Verticillium albo-atrum

fungus

Verticillium albo-atrum var. caespitosum, Verticillium albo-atrum var. tuberosum

Worldwide, primarily in cool temperate climates and in potato producing areas

Widespread, especially in northern states

China, Thailand

2022-11-11

Many reports of Verticillium albo-atrum in crops reported prior to 1970 may have actually been Verticillium dahlia. Only lucerne, potatoes, tomatoes and hops are considered important hosts. This pathogen has been reported in China

Wide host range. An important pathogen of potatoes.

No

VERTAA-2,VERTAA-9,

On reference found indicating that common bean is attacked by this fungus, but no data presented. No evidence that seed is a pathway for this crop.

VERTAA-2,VERTAA-9,

Verticillium dahliae

fungus

Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum

Worldwide

Widespread

China

2022-11-11

Prevalent in China

Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains

No

VERTDA-16,

Verticillium dahliae has been reported on bean, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

VERTDA-16,

Broad bean wilt virus

virus

Broad bean wilt fabavirus, Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot virus, Nasturtium ringspot virus, Nasturtium white spot virus, Pea streak virus, Patchouli mild mosaic virus, Patchouli mild mottle virus, Petunia ringspot virus, Tropaeolum ringspot virus, Plantago II virus

Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia; Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey; Europe: Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom; North America, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Argentina.

FL, MN, NY, OH, SC, VT, WI

Mexico

2024-09-03

Broad bean wilt virus has only shown possible seed transmission in faba beans through artificial inoculation. It is not known to be common in nature. The virus is transmissible by sap inoculation and by several aphid species in the non-persistent.

Broad bean wilt virus has been reported in natural infections of 180 species of 41 plant families and thus has a very extensive natural host range. Main host families are: Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae.

No

CABI CPC,DPV WEB

Seed is not known to be a pathway.

CABI CPC,DPV WEB

Tobacco mosaic virus

virus

TMV U1, type, Vulgare or Common strain tobacco mosaic tobamovirus, VMT (Virus mosaique de tabac)

Worldwide

Widespread

Mexico

2023-08-21

Broad host range. Cultivated species listed below.

No

Occasionally listed as a host, no evidence that seed is a pathway.

White clover mosaic virus

virus

Potexvirus

Western Australia. Possibly Japan, Turkey, Brazil, United Kingdom

IN

Brazil

2023-08-21

Primarily clover, pea, sweet pea, alfalfa. Artificially inoculated into other legumes and plant species in the laboratory. Only crops with reported natural infections of this virus included below.

No

WCLMV0-2,

Mechanically transmitted in laboratory studies. There is no evidence of that seed is a pathway for this host in nature.

WCLMV0-2,

Southern bean mosaic virus

virus

Bean mosaic virus 4, Bean southern mosaic virus, Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, Southern bean mosaic virus 1, Phaseolusvirus

Asia, Africa, S. American, Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Europe.

AR, CA, FL, GA, LA, MD, MI, SC, TN, TX, VA

China, Korea

2022-08-16

Several strains of Southern bean mosaic virus are known and are very specific to thier host. SBMV-B infects bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) but not cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), SBMV-CP infects cowpea, Ghana strain (SBMV-G) infects cowpeas and some bean cultivars, Mexican strain (SBMV-M) (Severe bean mosaic strain) infects beans and some cowpea cultivars.

soybean, common bean, cowpea

Yes

SBMV00-2,ISF RPLD,SBMV00-4,SBMV00-7,SBMV00-8,

Seed as a pathway has been demonstrated.

SBMV00-2,ISF RPLD,SBMV00-4,SBMV00-7,SBMV00-8,

Serological test and bioassay

SBMV00-12,

ELISA and other serological tests have been applied for other hosts. Test has not been validated or standardized.

SBMV00-9,

Control leaf beetle vector shown to be effective. Resistant varieties are known.

Bean pod mottle virus

virus

Bean pod mottle comovirus, Pod mottle virus, Pod mottle of bean

Iran, Nigeria, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Canada

Widespread

China, Korea

2021-09-16

soybean, bean

No

BPMV00-9,BPMV00-1,DVP WEB,

Bean seed as a pathway may be inferred due to soybean. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

BPMV00-9,BPMV00-1,DVP WEB,

Tomato spotted wilt virus

virus

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group

Worldwide

Widespread

2023-08-21

Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus

Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.

No

TSWV00-1,TSWV00-2,

Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus

TSWV00-1,TSWV00-2,

Cotton leaf crumple virus

virus

Cotton leaf crumple bigeminivirus

India, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Mexico, Guatemala

AZ, CA, TX

China

2022-02-08

Seed is not known to be a pathway fo geminiviruses

cotton, bean

No

CLCRV0-2,ISF RPLD,

Seed is not known to be a pathway for this virus

CLCRV0-2,ISF RPLD,

Cowpea severe mosaic virus

virus

Cowpea severe mosaic comovirus, Puerto Rico cowpea mosaic virus

Trinidad and Tobago,Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil, Peru

AR, IL

China

2022-02-15

soybean, mung bean, cowpea

No

CPSMV0-3,DVP WEB,ISF RPLD,

Common bean is primarily a local lesion host. Some Phaseolus spp. may be systemic hosts. No references found indicating that Phaseolus vulgaris is a natural host for this virus. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

CPSMV0-3,DVP WEB,ISF RPLD,

Broad bean stain virus

virus

Asia, Europe, Africa

Not known to occur

China

2021-04-01

Faba bean

No

VIDE PVO,

Host by artificial inoculation only. Only Vicia faba known to be a natural host.

VIDE PVO,

Pleospora herbarum

fungus

Too many to list, most commonly used names include Alternaria putrefaciens, Clasterosporium putrefaciens, Sporidesmium putrefaciens, Stemphyllium botryosum, Stemphylium herbarum.

Worldwide

Widespread

2023-08-21

Primarily a post harvest pathogen

Wide host range

No

PLEOHE-11,

Reference above cites one publication from 1938, but this reference discussed techniques for detection. No other references found indicating seed is a pathway.

PLEOHE-11,

Aphanomyces euteiches

fungus

-

Asia: China, India, Japan; Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.

ID, IL, IA, KY, MN, MS, NY, NC, ND, OR, SD, VT, VI, WA, WI

Mexico

2024-06-09

Not known to be seed transmitted. Long-distance spread is mediated by transportation of contaminated soil or materials, or of infected plants (CABI).

alfalfa, lucerne, bean, pea, lentil, faba bean, clover

No

CABI CPC

Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen

CABI CPC

Bean golden mosaic virus

virus

Bean golden mosaic begomoivirus, Bean golden mosaic geminivirus, bean golden mosaic virus (type 1), mosaico dorado

North America: Cuba, Nicaragua; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil.

Not known to occur

Korea

2024-11-10

BGMW is transmitted by the whiteflies B. tabaci and B. tabaci.

Main: soybean, lima bean, common bean.

No

BGMV00-2,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD

Seed is not a known pathway.

BGMV00-2,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD

Abutilon mosaic virus

virus

Abutilon infectious variegation virus, Abutilon mosaic bigeminivirus, Abutilon mosaic geminivirus, Bean chlorotic mottle virus, Dwarf mosaic geminivirus, Infectious chlorosis of Malvaceae, Malvaceous chlorosis geminivirus

South America

HI

Korea

2023-03-29

The mosaic disease caused by this virus is considered decorative in Abutilon spp. and is not detrimental to the species. Distribution is probably worldwide in Abutilon spp. Whitefly transmitted geminivirus. Abutilon mocaic virus is not seed transmitted.

Primarily in Abutilon spp. and other Malvaceae spp. common bean, cowpea.

No

ABMV00-2,ABMV00-3,

This virus is a whitefly transmitted geminivirus and is not known to be seed transmitted.

ABMV00-2,ABMV00-3,

Bean common mosaic necrosis virus

virus

Bean common mosaic necrosis potyvirus, Bean common mosaic virus, Bean mosaic virus, Bean virus 1, Common bean mosaic virus, Phaseolus virus 1

Worldwide

CA, ID, MI, NY, WA

Korea

2024-08-30

Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is a commonly accepted virus that infects legume crops globally and is transmitted by aphids and seeds.

Fabaceae family. Main: common bean.

Yes

BCMNV0-1,BCMNV0-2,ISF RPLD,BCMNV0-4,BCMNV0-5,BCMNV0-6

Seed as a pathway for Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is established and accepted. Bean common mosaic necrosis strain is a strain of Bean common mosaic virus.

BCMNV0-1,BCMNV0-2,ISF RPLD,BCMNV0-4,BCMNV0-5,BCMNV0-6

ELISA

CABI CPC,ISF RPLD

ELISA has been described for Bean common mosaic virus. Since Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is a strain of Bean common mosaic virus, serological tests developed for Bean common mosaic virus work for Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Commercial testing is available.

Cultural

CABI CPC,ISF RPLD

The use of resistant varieties and implementing a quality systems approach in seed production should minimize potential risk.

Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus

virus

Oman

Not known to occur

Korea

2022-12-01

Whitefly transmitted virus.Not to be confused with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus affecting mungbean in Asia.

Only reported in cucumber, kidney bean. Tomato and soybean are uncommon hosts.

No

Only reported in kidney bean. No references found indicating seed is a pathway or that common bean is infected.

Beet curly top virus

virus

Beet curly top geminivirus, beet curly top hybrigeminivirus, potato green dwarf virus, sugarbeet curly top virus, sugarbeet curly-leaf virus, sugarbeet virus 1, tomato yellow virus, tomato yellows virus, western yellow blight virus

Africa: Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt; Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Turkey; Europe: Cyprus, Italy; North America: Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay.

Widespread

Korea

2024-06-19

BCTV is spread locally by insect vectors and internationally through infected host material or vectors. It is not known to be a seed transmitted virus in any host. It is More common in the western US where vectors are more common.

celery, table beet, sugarbeet, pepper, cucumber, cucurbits, common bean, tomato, cowpeas

No

BCTV00-5,CABI CPC

Seed is not known to be a pathway in any host of Beet curly top virus.

BCTV00-5,CABI CPC

Cowpea mild mottle virus

virus

Bean angular mosaic virus, Cowpea mild mottle carlavirus, Eggplant mild mottle virus, Groundnut crinkle virus, Groundnut ngomeni mottle virus, Psophocarpus necrotic mosaic virus,Tomato pale chlorosis virus,Voandzeia mosaic virus

Asia, Africa, Oceania, Belgium, Netherlands

Not known to occur

Korea

2022-11-11

The virus is transmitted by white flies.

cowpea, soybean, common bean, tomato, peanut, faba bean

No

CPMMV0-5,CPMMV0-9,CPMMV0-4,

Pathway not proven. Seed transmission in bean is contradictory, as early reports (Brunt and Kenten, 1973) were done with seed recovered from artificially inoculated plants. Later references (Costa, et.al., 1983) were unable to detect the virus using direct ELISA tests on seed from naturally infected plants. No references found indicating that seed is a natural pathway for Cowpea mild mottle virus in bean.

CPMMV0-5,CPMMV0-9,CPMMV0-4,

ELISA

CPMMV0-9,

This test has not been validated or standardized.

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus

virus

Bean yellow stipple virus, Marmor flavopunctum,Virus del moteado amarillo

USA, Costa Rica

Unknown, appears to be restricted.

Korea

2023-04-27

Beetle transmitted bromovirus. Sporadic outbreaks over the years, as resistance and beetle control have improved.

bean, soybean, cowpea

No

CCMV00-3,

Seed is not known to be a pathway.

CCMV00-3,

Tobacco rattle virus

virus

Aster ringspot virus, belladonna mosaic virus, paeony mosaic virus, paeony ringspot virus, peony mosaic virus, peony ringspot virus, potato corky ringspot virus, potato stem mottle virus, ratel virus, spinach yellow mottle virus, Tabakmauche Virus, Tabakstreifen und Kra, tobacco rattle tobravirus, tulip white streak virus

Worldwide

AK, CA, CO, FL, ID, IL, IN, MA, MI, MN, NE, NC, ND, OH, OR, PA, UT, WA, WI

Korea

2024-09-08

Tobacco Rattle Virus is soil-borne and transmitted between plants by the nematode species Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. Seed is only known to be a pathway in some weed species.

TRV occurs on numerous crops in many countries and has been detected on over 100 mono- and dicotyledonous plant species.

No

CABI CPC,RICH ISTA,DPV WEB

Bean can be a host for Tobacco rattle virus, though disease problems are rare. No reference found indicating that seed is a pathway

CABI CPC,RICH ISTA,DPV WEB

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

bacterium

Many

Worldwide

Widespread

Thailand, China, Korea

2022-12-01

Seed is known to be a pathway on several crops. Thailand lists this pathogen as prohibited on corn. China lists this pathogen (Pseudomonas oryzicola) as prohibited on rice.

Wide host range. Important vegetable and agronomic crops listed below.

Yes

PSDMSY-2,PSDMSY-8,PSDMSY-9,PSDMSY-11,

Seed as a pathway is well established and accepted.

Seed wash agar plating is the standard method of the NSHS.

PSDMSY-2,PSDMSY-8,PSDMSY-9,PSDMSY-11,

Seed wash and agar plating

PSDMSY-10,

This test has been standardized and validated

PSDMSY-1,

Seed certification is commonly used to reduce risk.

Pseudocochliobolus pallescens

fungus

Cochliobolus pallescens, Curvularia leonensis, Curvularia pallescens

Africa, Southeast Asia, Caribbean, South America, Pakistan, Australia, Denmark, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Togo, Canada, Mexico

DC, IA

Korea

2023-08-21

pepper, corn, bean, fava bean, wheat , rice, sorghum, sugarcane, soybean, potato, buckwheat,

No

No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

Pythium vexans

fungus

Pythium complectens, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium allantocladon, Pythium ascophallon, Pythium piperinum, Ovatisporangium vexans, Pythium euthyphyphon, Pythium polycladon

Africa, Asia, Europe, Guatemala, Caribbean, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, South Korea, New Zealand, Canada

HI, OK, CA, NC, MD, VA, DE, PA, NJ, WA, TN, LA, WI, IA

Korea

2023-08-21

Primarily affecting seedlings and roots and is transmitted mainly through infested soil. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host. Zoospores of this fungus can swim in open water for a short distance. This pathogen has been reported in S. Korea. Korea lists this pathogen as Phytopythium vexans

Wide host range

No

PYTHVE-1,PYTHVE-3,

Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.

PYTHVE-1,PYTHVE-3,

Tobacco necrosis virus

virus

Bean stipple streak virus, Chenopodium necrosis necrovirus, Cucumber systemic necrosis virus, Euonymus mosaic virus, Strawberry necrotic rosette virus, Tobacco necrosis necrovirus, Tulip Augusta disease virus, Tulip necrosis virus

Africa: South Africa; Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey; Europe: Belgium, Bosnia. & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden. Switzerland,UK; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Brazil.

CA, IL, NE, NY, UT, WI

Korea

2024-09-24

Tobacco necrosis is primarily transferred through roots by zoospores. Seed is not known to be a pathway for this virus however potato seed tubers can carry the virus.

Main: carrot, common bean, cucumber, potato, tulip; Other: tomato, beet, lettuce, pea

No

CABI CPC,DPV WEB

Seed is not known to be a pathway.

CABI CPC,DPV WEB

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci

bacterium

Bacterium angulatum, Bacterium tabaci, Bacterium tabacum, Chlorobacter angulatum, Chlorobacter tabaci, Phytomonas angulata, Phytomonas tabaci, Pseudomonas angulata, Pseudomonas tabaci, Xanthomonas tabaci

Worldwide

Eastern and southeastern states.

Thailand

2022-12-01

soybean, common bean, pea, pepper, cucumber, tomato, eggplant

No

PSDMTA-2,PSDMTA-4,

One strain has been reported on P. vulgaris and its distribution is limited to Brazil. On P. vulgaris, the bacterium only attacks leaves and does not infect pods or seeds directly.

PSDMTA-2,PSDMTA-4,

PSDMTA-2,

Seed productions in Brazil should be routinely inspected for P. syringae pv. tabaci.

Pratylenchus brachyurus

nematode

Anguillulina brachyura, Pratylenchus leiocephalus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus steineri, Tylenchus brachyurus

Worldwide

Widespread

Korea

2022-06-28

Seed is not known to be a pathway. Common in tropics (PRATBR-1)

Wide host range

No

PRATBR-2,PRATBR-3,

Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.

PRATBR-2,PRATBR-3,

Nematospora coryli

fungus

Eremothecium coryli

Worldwide

Widespread

Korea

2022-12-01

Requires stink bug feeding to transmit fungus to seeds. (NMATCO-3)

bean, soybean

No

NMATCO-4,RICH ISTA,

Pathway not proven. RICH ISTA, lists this pathogen as seed borne but indicates the fungus is only a common invader of insect punctured seed and not a seed borne pathogen. Primarily a seed quality issue and it is unclear from the literature of the importance of seed inoculum in transmission.

NMATCO-4,RICH ISTA,

Use clean seed

NMATCO-4,

The disease is managed additionally with weed control and insect control.

Boeremia exigua var. exigua

fungus

Ascochyta asteris, Ascochyta cyphomandrae, Ascochyta hydrangeae, Ascochyta nicotianae, Ascochyta phaseolorum, Ascochyta sonchi, Phoma exigua f.sp. exigua, Phoma exigua var. exigua, Phoma herbarum, Phoma herbarum f. brassicae, Phoma herbarum f. hyoscyami, Phoma herbarum f. schoberiae, Phoma herbarum var. dulcamaricola, Phoma linicola, Phoma solanicola, Phoma solanophila, Phoma tuberosa, Phyllosticta decidua, Phyllosticta hortorum, Phyllosticta mulgedii, Phyllosticta sambuci, Phyllosticta vincae-majoris, Phyllosticta vincae-minoris

Worldwide. CABI: B. exigua var. exigua is almost certainly ubiquitous worldwide, but many records fail to specify the variety that it is not possible to provide particular country/state information. There are undoubtedly many records under the many synonyms and these require re-examination.

Widespread

Korea

2024-09-04

This pathogen has been reported in Korea under other synonyms. This is a weak pathogen capable of persisting in soil and also transmitted by rainsplash-dispersed conidia. Common bean and possible sugarcane are the only hosts shown where seed may be a pathway.

B. exigua var. exigua is a ubiquitous weak or secondary pathogen on more than 200 different plant genera. Main hosts are in the Fabaaceae and Solanaceae familes.

Yes

PHOMHE-4,ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,PHOMHE-6,PHOMHE-7

Reports show seed is a pathway, however; it is not clear how much seed contributes to the epidemiology of the disease.

PHOMHE-4,ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,PHOMHE-6,PHOMHE-7

Blotter and agar incubation

PHOMHE-4,ISF RPLD

Tests have not been standardized or validated

Cultural, Chemical

ISF RPLD,PHOMHE-7

Suggested management strategies suggest using resistant varieties, crop rotation, field inspections, wide plant spacing, clean seed planting, seed treatment, and foliar fungicide application.

Grovesinia pyramidalis

fungus

Cristulariella pyramidalis

Asia: India, Japan, Taiwan. North America: USA; South America: Brazil.

FL, GA, IA, LA, MN, NY, SC.

Korea

2024-09-14

Walnuts, grapes, other trees and woody ornamentals.

No

No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

Xiphinema index

nematode

Diversiphinema index

Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia; Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine; North America: USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru.

CA

Korea

2024-09-09

Seed is not a pathway for this nematode. Also known as a dagger nematode.

Xiphinema index is a pest of cultivated and wild grapevines and a number of other crops and ornamentals.

No

XIPHIN-3,CABI CPC

Seed is not known to be a pathway. Bean is not known to be an important host.

XIPHIN-3,CABI CPC

Alternaria alternata

fungus

Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria tenuissima, many others

Worldwide

Widespread

Korea

2022-09-13

Korea listed this pathogen as Alternaria spp. A. alternata, A. tenuis and A. tenuissima have all been reported in Korea. A. alternata has often been found on seed in laboratory testing. There is little evidence of seed transmission. This fungus is ubiquitous and often of minor importance in its hosts.

Wide host range

No

ALTEAL-3,ALTEAL-23,

Pathway not proven. A. alternata is a weak pathogen of bean and has been found on bean seed in laboratory surveys and seed quality may be affected by toxins produced. There is no correlation between seed contamination and transmission in the greenhouse. No references were found indicating seed transmission in the field.

ALTEAL-3,ALTEAL-23,

ALTEAL-1,

Seed treatments affective against A. alternata have been described for other hosts.

Ditylenchus dipsaci

nematode

Anguillula devastatrix, Anguillula dipsaci, Anguillula secalis, Anguillulina dipsaci,Anguillulina dipsaci var. communis, Ditylenchus allocotus, Ditylenchus amsinckiae, Ditylenchus dipsaci var. tobaensis, Ditylenchus fragariae,Ditylenchus sonchophila, Ditylenchus trifolii, Tylenchus allii Tylenchus devastator, Tylenchus devastatrix Tylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchus havensteini, Tylenchus hyacinthi, Tylenchus putrefaciens

Worldwide in temperate climates.

Widespread

Brazil

2023-05-05

Ditylenchus dipsaci is known to attack over 450 different plant species, including many weeds. There are approximately 20 biological races known that tend to prefer certain hosts.

No

ISF RPLD,DITYDI-3,

No references found indicating that seed of common bean is a pathway. Some references list seed of other species of Phaseolus as a pathway.

ISF RPLD,DITYDI-3,

Colletotrichum truncatum

fungus

Colletotrichum dematium f. sp.truncatum, Vermicularia truncata

Worldwide

Widespread

Chile, Mexico

2022-11-11

A possible anamporh of Colletotrichum capsici (ARS GRIN)

soybean, pepper, tomato, bean, pea and a broad range of weed species

No

ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,ARS GRIN,

Common bean has been reported as a host. There is no evidence indicating seed is a pathway on common bean and no references were found.

ISF RPLD,RICH ISTA,ARS GRIN,

Peanut stunt virus

virus

black locust true mosaic virus, clover blotch virus, groundnut stunt virus, peanut common mosaic virus, peanut stunt cucumovirus, robinia mosaic virus

Morocco, Sudan, Asia, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain

Southeast, Midwest states, WA

Brazil

2023-04-05

Common virus in peanuts. Can be seedborne in peanuts at low levels.

Primarily a virus of Fabaceae family, tomato, celery,

No

ISF RPLD,CABI CPC,

Bean is not commonly known as a host of PSV. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.

ISF RPLD,CABI CPC,

Phakopsora meibomiae

fungus

Aecidium crotalariae, Aecidium crotalariicola, Malupa vignae, Phakopsora aeschynomenes, Phakopsora crotalariae, Phakopsora diehlii, Phakopsora psoraleae, Phakopsora vignae, Physopella aeschynomenes, Physopella concors, Physopella meibomiae, Uredo aeschynomenes, Uredo concors, Uredo teramni, Uredo vignae

North America: Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, US Virgin Islands, USA; South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

FL, HI, KY

South Korea

2024-06-25

P. meibomiae is a rust native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas that has a broad host range among legume species. (CABI) Urediniospores are distributed by the wind locally and over long-distances (CABI; PHAKME-2; PHAKME-3)

soybean, bean

No

No references found indicating seed is a pathway. 

CABI CPC

Seed treatments have been used as a means of controlling early season infection by wind blown spores.