Rhodococcus fascians

bacterium

Corynebacterium fascians, Bacterium fascians, Phytomonas fascians, Pseudobacterium fascians, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus

Europe, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Iran, Russia, Egypt, Colombia

Widespread

Brazil, Thailand

2023-08-21

Though found in many US states, the pathogen is usually restricted and localized. Probably Worldwide, though not reported. Disease outbreaks are sporadic and usually related to poor sanitation. Bulbs, floral and greenhouse crops most susceptible to disease outbreaks. No reports of seed as a pathway in vegetables and agronomic crops.

Primarily a pest of ornamentals, woody ornamentals and floowers. Vegetables and agronomic crops reported susceptible to the bacterium are listed below. Transmits primarily through propagation.

No

CORBFA-3,CORBFA-1,

Listed as a host, but uncommon. No evidence that seed is a pathway.

CORBFA-3,CORBFA-1,

Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid

viroid

India, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Europe

CO, AZ

Korea, Thailand

2022-09-21

Closely related to Potato spindle tuber viroid. Few occurrences in the US. Though Capsicum annum is often tested for this viroid, there is no evidence that it is a host.

tomato, petunia

No

TCDVd-3,TCDVd-5,TCDVd-6,

Pathway not Proven. One reference found where Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid was seed transmitted in artificially inoculated plants of Petunia, . Two other references found Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in petunia stocks, but seed were not tested. No references found where seed was naturally infected with Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid.

TCDVd-3,TCDVd-5,TCDVd-6,

RT-PCR is used to test tomato seed for this viroid.

Impatiens necrotic spot virus

virus

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Impatiens strain

Africa: Egypt, Uganda; Asia: China, Iran, Japan, South Korea; Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czechia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Gurnsey, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Chile, Colombia.

Widespread

Korea

2024-09-07

The virus is closely related to Tomato spotted wilt virus and a member of the Tospovirus group of viruses which are thrip transmitted. Seed transmission is unlikely and not reported for any host.

Wide host range. Main: Impatiens. Other: many ornamentals and vegetables.

No

INSV00-2,CABI CPC

Seed is not known to be a pathway.

INSV00-2,CABI CPC

Difficult to control. Field control must consider the virus and the vector for success.

Colombian datura virus

virus

Datura Colombian potyvirus, Datura Colombian virus,

Asia: India, Japan, South Korea; Europe: Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia; South America: Colombia.

FL, OR, SC.

Korea

2024-09-18

Colombia datura virus is transmitted by the aphid Myzus persicae. Seed is not known to be a pathway.

tomato, petunia

No

CDV000-2,CDV000-3

Seed is not known to be a pathway.

CDV000-2,CDV000-3

Xiphinema index

nematode

Diversiphinema index

Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia; Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine; North America: USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru.

CA

Korea

2024-09-09

Seed is not a pathway for this nematode. Also known as a dagger nematode.

Xiphinema index is a pest of cultivated and wild grapevines and a number of other crops and ornamentals.

No

XIPHIN-3,CABI CPC

Seed is not known to be a pathway. Petunia is not known to be an important host.

XIPHIN-3,CABI CPC

Candidatus phytoplasma asteris

phytoplasma

Aconitum proliferation, Aconitum virescence, Alberta aster yellows, alfalfa stunt, Alstroemeria decline, American aster yellows, Anemone virescence, apple sessile leaf, apricot chlorotic leaf roll, azalea little leaf, banana elephantiasis, basil little leaf, Bermuda grass white leaf, black currant reversion, black pepper yellows, blueberry stunt, broccoli phyllody, Bunias phyllody, cactus virescence, cactus witches'-broom, Calendula virescence, canola yellows, Cardaria phyllody, carrot proliferation, carrot yellows, cassava phyllody phytoplasma, cassava witches' broom, Catharanthus little leaf, Catharanthus virescence, chayote witches'-broom, cherry bunch leaf, cherry little leaf, chlorantie, Chrysanthemum witches'-broom, Chrysanthemum yellows, Cirsium stunt, Cirsium yellows, clover phyllody, columbine virescence, coorg black pepper yellows, cosmos phyllody, Cyclamen virescence, dandelion yellows, Delphinium virescence, dill yellows, Diplotaxis virescence, dogfennel yellows, dogwood stunt, dwarf western aster yellows, eastern aster yellows, Echinacea phyllody, eggplant dwarf, eggplant little leaf, Epilobium phyllody, Erigeron yellows, European aster yellows, false ragweed, Festuca yellows, Gaillardia yellows, Gladiolus virescence, grapevine yellows, grey dogwood stunt, hyacinth yellows, Hydrangea phyllody and virescence, Ipomoea obscura witches' broom, Italian cabbage yellows, Italian lettuce yellows, kale phyllody, larkspur virescence, lazy daisy yellows, lettuce yellows, lilac little leaf, Limonium proliferation, Limonium yellows, Lotus yellows, maize bushy stunt, mallow yellows, marguerite yellows, marigold phyllody, marigold virescence, Maryland aster yellows, Mitsuba witches' broom, monarda yellows, mulberry dwarf, multiplier disease, New England aster yellows, New Jersey aster yellows, oat proliferation, Oenothera virescence, olive witches'-broom, onion phyllody, onion virescence, onion yellows, Papaver virescence, parsley yellows, Paulownia witches' broom, peach red leaf disease, pear proliferation and decline, periwinkle little leaf, periwinkle witches' broom and virescence, periwinkle yellows, Phytoplasma asteris, plantain virescence, Poa stunt, poplar witches' broom, poplar yellows, Portulaca yellows, potato purple top, prickly lettuce yellows, Primula yellows, pumpkin yellows, purple coneflower yellows, Quercus proliferation, ragweed yellows, Ranunculus phyllody, rape phyllody, rape virescence, rose witches'-broom, ryegrass yellows, safflower phyllody, Salix proliferation, sandal spike, Saponaria proliferation, Schizanthus proliferation, severe western aster yellows, soybean purple stem, Spirea stunt, Stellaria yellows, strawberry green petal, strawberry phylloid fruit, strawberry stunting, Symphytum proliferation, Tacaco witches'-broom, Tagetes witches' broom, Thalictrum proliferation, tomato big bud, tomato yellows, turnip virescence, Veronica phyllody, watercress witches'-broom, western aster yellows, wild radish yellows

Worldwide

Widespread

-

2024-11-09

Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris is naturally transmitted by a wide range of leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons is reported to be the principal vector. Seed is not a pathway.

Wide host range, primarily herbaceous dicots, though strains infect monocots and woody ornamentals

No

CABI CPC

Seed is not a known pathway.

CABI CPC

Chrysanthemum stunt viroid

viroid

Chrysanthemum stunt pospiviroid

Worldwide

KS, MI, MN, NY, PA

Mexico

2022-01-19

Tomato is not known to host Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in nature. Only experimental work done by Kryczynski, et al. implicates tomato as a host for Chyrsanthemum stunt viroid. No other vegetable is known to be a host.

Primarily Chrysanthemum spp., especially C. morifolium, Ageratum spp., Argyranthemum frutescens, Petunia hybrida, Dalhia

No

CSVd00-6,

No evidence that seed is a pathway. Transmitted by propagation or grafting.

CSVd00-6,

Dickeya chrysanthemi

bacterium

Eriwina chrysanthemi (and pathovars,varieites), Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (and pathovars,varieties), Erwinia carotovora pvs. chrysanthemi/parthenii, Pectobacterium carotovorum pvs. chrysanthemi/parthenni

Worldwide

Widespread

Mexico, China

2022-11-11

Dickeya chrysanthemi strains have been isolated from a number of different hosts in different countries. The list of all susceptible plants after inoculation by Dickeya chrysanthemi would be far longer than the natural host range, and difficult to establish. There is little if any information on seed as a pathway for this pathogen and therefore should not be regulated. Eriwina chrysanthemi has been reclassified into Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.

Primarily ornamentals and flowers. Only hosts of Dickeye chrysanthemi or Dickeya zeae are listed below. (Ma, et.al. 2007)

No

ERIWCH-1,ERIWCH-14,

There is no evidence that seed is a pathway. No references found. Primarily spread by vegetative plant material.

ERIWCH-1,ERIWCH-14,

Tobacco mosaic virus

virus

TMV U1, type, Vulgare or Common strain tobacco mosaic tobamovirus, VMT (Virus mosaique de tabac)

Worldwide

Widespread

Mexico

2023-08-21

Broad host range. Cultivated species listed below.

No

TMV000-12,

Though petunia is a host, it is not common. TMV has been detected in parts of petunia seed, however seed transmission does not occur.

TMV000-12,

No seed test described for Tobacco mosaic virus in petunia, ELISA and Bioassay commonly applied to other crops. Tests not validated or standardized for petunia.

No seed treatments described for petunia. Seed disinfectants, such as Trisodium orthophosphate followed by sodium hypochlorite treatment and HCl soaks have been applied.

Tomato infectious chlorosis virus

virus

Tomato infectious chlorosis closterovirus

Asia, Tunisia, Europe, Mexico

Reported in CA, NC

Korea

2022-09-21

Whitefly transmitted virus. Phloem limited Criniviruses are not known to be seed transmitted. Not to be confused with Tomato chlorosis virus, a closely related Crinivirus.

tomato, potato, petunia

No

No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Petunia has been identified as an occasional host, but references confirming this have not been found. Seed transmission is not known to occur in Criniviruses or other members of the Closteroviridae family.

Tobacco ringspot virus

virus

Anemone necrosis virus, Annulus tabaci, Blueberry necrotic ringspot virus, Nicotiana virus 12, Soybean bud blight virus, Tobacco Brazilian streak virus, Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tobacco ringspot virus No. 1

Worldwide

Widespread

Korea, China

2022-09-22

Nepovirus. Requires the Xiphinema americanum nematode for transmission. This pest has been reported to be in Korea.

Extensive host range includes many weed, fruit and ornamental plant species. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important

No

DVP WEB,

Pathway not proven. Seed as a pathway is often speculated based on one dated reference . See reference #34 in the DVP WEB. This reference could not be verified and it appears that the research was done with one isolate in the laboratory only. No evidence of natural seed transmission.

DVP WEB,

Tobacco streak virus

virus

Annulus orae, Asparagus stunt virus, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Micotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus vulaerans, Tobacoo streak ilarvirus, Tracttus orea

Worldwide

CA, CO, FL ID IA, KT, MA, MI, MN, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, WA, WI

Korea, Thailand

2022-11-04

Requires thrips to transmit from plant to plant.

Extensive host range includes many weeds, fruit and ornamental plant species. Over 70 species reported as hosts. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important hosts of Tobacco streak virus

No

TSV000-10,

No evidence that seed is a pathway. Noreferences found. Often transmitted through propagation.

TSV000-10,

Tomato spotted wilt virus

virus

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group

Worldwide

Widespread

2023-08-21

Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus

Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.

No

TSWV00-1,TSWV00-3,

Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus.

TSWV00-1,TSWV00-3,

Asparagus virus 2

virus

asparagus 2 ilarvirus, Asparagus ilarvirus 2, Asparagus latent virus, Asparagus virus C, asparagus virus II

Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, United Kingdom

DE, MI

Brazi

2023-05-05

Natural infection has been reported only from asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Plants infected from seed show no obvious symptoms but vigour and productivity are reduced. Also transmitted through seed of N. tabacum cv. Samsun, Zinnia elegans, and Petunia hybrida.

asparagus, tobacco, zinnia, petunia

No

AV2000-1,

Pathway not proven. Reference above indicates seed may be a pathway but data appears to be from artificial inoculation in the laboratory. No evidence that seed is a pathway in nature.

AV2000-1,

Potato spindle tuber viroid

viroid

potato gothic virus, potato spindle viroid, spindle tuber viroid, tomato bunchy top viroid

Americas: Mexico, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela. Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda. Asia: wide spread. Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. Australia.

pest eradicated (EPPO)

Brazil, China, Mexico, Thailand, The Republic of Korea

2024-07-29

Successful eradication of the viroid has been reported for the USA and Canada. PSTVd-7 data shows little evidence of asymptomatic plants and testing of asymptomatic plants did not increase detection of Potato spindle tuber viroid significantly, if at all. Concluded that inspection for Potato spindle tuber viroid symptoms was a "good aid" in determining if a tomato crop was infected with the viroid.

Mainly solanaceous crops, capsicum, and ornamentals

No

PSTVd-10

Seed transmission in artificially inoculated plants in the laboratory. Though seed may be implicated, no references found indicating that seed is a pathway in nature.

PSTVd-10