Cucumis sativus
cucumber
49 Related Pests
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
virus
Bottlegourd Indian mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, Cucumber mottle virus, Cucumber virus 2, 3 or 4, Cucumis virus 2, Tobacco mosaic virus watermelon strain
Asia: China, Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sudan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, UK. America: Canada. Australia.
CA
Many countries
2023-12-19
Primarily found externally on the seed coat. Mechanical transmission primary the means of spread. Natural infections of Cucurbita pepo (squash and pumpkin) are not known to occur.
watermelon, gerkin, melon, cucumber, bottlegourd, rootstock, Prunus and Gladiolus spp. in experimentation
Yes
CGMMV-2, CABICPC, ISFRPLD
Seed is known to be a pathway. Cucumber seeds are commonly tested for Cucumber green mottle virus.
ELISA
CGMMV-2, CABICPC, ISFRPLD
ELISA
CGMMV-3, NSHSUSDA
This method is a standard method of the NSHS
Thermotheropy-3 days at 72 C; Chemotheropy-10% trisodium phosphate
CGMMV-2, CABICPC
Test seed after treatment to determine effectiveness
Hollings M, Komuro, Y, Tochihara, H, 1975. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Datasheet 154. Descriptions of Plant Viruses. http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Detection of Squash Mosaic Virus, Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus and Melon Necrotic Spot Virus in cucurbit seed. International Seed Testing Association. International Rules for Seed Testing 7-026: Seed Health Testing Methods. 2024 https://www.seedtest.org/en/international-rules-for-seed-testing/seed-health-methods-product-1014.html
Tobacco streak virus
virus
Annulus orae, Asparagus stunt virus, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Micotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus vulaerans, Tobacoo streak ilarvirus, Tracttus orea
Worldwide
CA, CO, FL ID IA, KT, MA, MI, MN, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, WA, WI
Korea, Thailand
2022-11-04
Requires thrips to transmit from plant to plant.
Extensive host range includes many weeds, fruit and ornamental plant species. Over 70 species reported as hosts. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important hosts of Tobacco streak virus
No
TSV000-1, TSV000-8
Seed as a pathway is not known to occur. Occasionally listed as a host, but no references found indicating cucumber is a host in nature.
TSV000-1, TSV000-8
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli
bacterium
Acidovorax citrulli, Pseudomonas avenae subsp. citrulli, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli
Worldwide
Midwest and Southeast States, CA, OR
2023-04-10
Wild cucurbit species and cucurbit volunteers are known hosts. Occassional reports, but unsubstantiated infections in pepper and tomato
watermelon, melon, squash, pumpkin, cucumber, root stock.
No
PSDMAC-6
Pathway not proven. Seed as a pathway has not been proven in this crop. Seed often inferred as a pathway due to this pathogen being seed borne in other cucurbits.
Seedling Grow out and PCR tests are NSHS standard tests (PSDMAC-4)
PSDMAC-6
Seedling Grow out, PCR tests, Immunomagnetic separation-PCR wash
PSDMAC-1, PSDMAC-4
Though seed as a pathway is not proven in cucumber, testing is offered by commercial laboratories.
PSDMAC-6
Clean seed programs including exclusion, cultural practices, sanitation and copper sprays when needed, decreased seed infestations but did not eradicate.
International Seed Federation Pest List Database 2016. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Seed Health Testing Method Mz 10.1 National Seed Health System www.seedhealth.org
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
bacterium
Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae, Bacterium cucurbitae, Phytomonas cucurbitae, Pseudomonas cucurbitae
China, India, Nepal, Japan, Brunei, France, Italy, Egypt, Seychelles, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Russia
Widespread
Mexico, Korea, Nepal
2023-09-07
When symptoms are present, confirm the causal agent with laboratory diagnoses. Symptoms of this disease may be suppressed, indistinguishable from other diseases or inconspicuous under unfavorable climatic conditions or plant physiological stress, requiring thorough laboratory analysis. Prolonged periods of latency resulting in asymptotic plants has not been documented for this pathogen, though the period from infection to symptom expression may vary with climatic conditions, plant genetics, physiological stress and plant pathogen strain. Literature showing that random sampling of apparently healthy plants to detect latent populations of this pathogen has not been found.
Cucurbits
No
XANTCU-2, XANTCU-7, ISFRPLD
The pathogen has been reported on cucumber, but seed as a pathway has not been proven. Movement of the pathogen to seedlings was not shown to occur in controlled experiments. Seed as a pathway for transmission of Xanthomonas cucurbitae appears to be minor or insignificant. Currently seed as a pathway has only been shown on species of Cucurbita (pumpkin).
XANTCU-2, XANTCU-7, ISFRPLD
CABICPC
Use good seed growing practices. Grow in disease free areas and in arid climates. No overhead irrigation. Copper sprays when needed
Babadoost, 2016. Personnel communication University of Illinois:
Babadoost, 2012. Bacterial spot of Cucurbits. Report on Plant disease. No. 949, December 2012. University of Illinois Extension. (http://extension.cropsci.illinois.edu/fruitveg/pdfs/949_bacterial_spot.pd)
Tomato black ring virus
virus
Lettuce Ringspot Virus, Bean Ringspot Virus, Beet Ringspot Virus, Celery Yellow Vein Virus, Lettuce Ringspot Virus,Potato Bouquet Virus, Potato Pseudo-Aucuba Virus,Tomato Black Ring Nepovirus
India, Japan, Turkey, throughout Europe
Not known to occur
China, Korea, Mexico, Thailand
2022-11-03
Wide host range reported. Requires the Dagger nematode to transmit this virus
Wide host range, however many are experimental only. Important crops listed below.
No
ISFRPLD, RICHISTA, TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3
Pathway not proven. No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Older literature (TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3) lists seed as a possible pathway, but no evidence of seed transmission was presented for this host.
ISFRPLD, RICHISTA, TBRV00-2, TBRV00-3
Hop stunt viroid
virus
Citrus cachexia viroid, Citrus viroid I, Cucumber pale fruit viroid, Dapple plum and peach fruit disease viroid
Worldwide.
CA, AZ, FL,TX, WA
Mexico
2022-11-22
Primarily an important pathogen of hop, citrus and some stone fruits. Does not occur widespread in any location except Shandong, China
citrus, prunus, hop, other fruit trees. Cucumber seems to be the only vegatable affected by this viroid in nature. Tomato is an uncommon host and probably only experimental.
No
HSVd-1, HSVd-2, ISFRPLD
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
HSVd-1, HSVd-2, ISFRPLD
n/a
Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans
bacterium
Bacillus lachrymans, Bacterium burgeri, Bacterium lachrymans, Chlorobacter lachrymans, Phytomonas lachrymans, Pseudomonas burgeri, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Pseudomonas lachrymans f. cucumis
Worldwide, everywhere cucurbits are grown.
Widespread
MX
2021-04-26
This pathogen occurs in MX
Cucurbitaceae family
Yes
PSDMLA-2, PSDMLA-3, PSDMLA-4, PSDLMA-5, PSDLMA-6, PSDLMA-12
Cucumber seed as a pathway has been established and is accepted.
PSDMLA-2, PSDMLA-3, PSDMLA-4, PSDLMA-5, PSDLMA-6, PSDLMA-12
Culture plate, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis
PSDLMA-6, PSDLMA-7
These methods have not been validated or standardized. Commercial testing is available.
PSDMLA-1
Various seed treatments and disinfectants have been used with varying success. Fermintation during seed harvest also decreases seed contamination.
Ohuchi A, Hayashi N, Sakai Y, Ezuka A, 1980. Bacteriological properties and pathogenicity of Pseudomonas lachrymans, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of cucumber, from Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, C, No.34:1-13
Moura AB, Romeiro RS, 1993. Detection and quantification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber seeds lots. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 15:183-186
Komoto Y, Kimura T, 1983. The process of seed transmission in angular leaf spot of cucumber. Bulletin of the Chugoku National Agricultural Experiment Station, E, No.21:1-20
Kritzman G, Zutra D, 1983. Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in soil, plant debris, and the rhizosphere of non-host plants. Phytoparasitica, 11:99-108
Leben C, 1981. Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans with cucumber seed. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 3:247-249
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Scortichini M, 1992. Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in imported commercial black zucchini squash seeds. Informatore Fitopatologico, 42:55-58
Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Pseudomonas syringae pv aptata
bacterium
Bacterium aptatum, Chlorobacter aptatus, Phytomonas aptata, Pseudomonas aptata
Asia: Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, North Korea, South Korea; Europe: Hungary, Italy, Russia, Serbia, UK; North America: USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
CA, GA, ME, OH, OR, PA, UT, VA, WA
China
2024-09-09
Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata is spread through rain and irrigation. During cultivation it can be transmitted by workers and tools. It is not known to be seedborne.
Main: sugarbeet, pepper, cucumber, sunflower, lettuce, common bean, eggplant, nasturtium, faba bean, cowpea. Other: melon.
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Rhodococcus fascians
bacterium
Corynebacterium fascians, Bacterium fascians, Phytomonas fascians, Pseudobacterium fascians, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus
Europe, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Iran, Russia, Egypt, Colombia
Widespread
Brazil, Thailand
2023-08-21
Though found in many US states, the pathogen is usually restricted and localized. Probably Worldwide, though not reported. Disease outbreaks are sporadic and usually related to poor sanitation. Bulbs, floral and greenhouse crops most susceptible to disease outbreaks. No reports of seed as a pathway in vegetables and agronomic crops.
Primarily a pest of ornamentals, woody ornamentals and floowers. Vegetables and agronomic crops reported susceptible to the bacterium are listed below. Transmits primarily through propagation.
No
CORBFA-2
Cuccumber is not a common host for this pathogen. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CORBFA-2
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Ralstonia solanacearum
bacterium
Too many to list, see CABI CPC for a complete list
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-08-30
Most important economic crop is potato. Host range is extremely wide.
No
RLSTSO-1
Cucumber is not considered an important host of the pathogen. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
RLSTSO-1
Ralstonia solanacearum In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Colletotrichum orbiculare
fungus
Colletotrichum lagenarium, Glomerella lagenarium
Worldwide, wherever cucurbits are grown.
Widespread, wherever cucurbits are grown
Mexico, Chile
2022-11-11
Cucurbitaceae family
Yes
COLLLA-1, COLLLA-2, COLLLA-3, COLLLA-5, COLLLA-6
Seed may be a pathway for this pest in cucumber, but it is rare in production areas and due to resistant varieties.
COLLLA-1, COLLLA-2, COLLLA-3, COLLLA-5, COLLLA-6
Blotter Incubation
COLLLA-6
Blotter assays using methods described for Didymella bryoniae (gummy stem blight) are commonly used in the seed industry. Seed borne inoculum is rarely found.
COLLLA-3, COLLLA-6
Avoiding infected fruit, seed cleaning and sanitization of cucumber seed.
Colletotrichum orbiculare In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc."
Koike ST, Tidwell TE, Fogle DG, Patterson CL, 1991. Anthracnose of greenhouse-grown watermelon transplants caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare in California. Plant Disease, 75:644
Madaan RL, Grover RK, 1979. Chemical control of Colletotrichum lagenarium causing anthracnose and scab of bottle gourd. Indian Phytopathology, 32:210-215
Vakalounakis, DJ. 1996. In, Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. Eds. Zitter, TA, Hopkins DL and Thomas CE. APS Press, Minniapolis, MN
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon Switzerland
Alternaria cucumerina
fungus
Alternaria brassicae var. nigrescens, Macrosporium cucumerinum, Alternaria loofahae
Worldwide
Widespread
Mexico
2022-09-21
Distribution information from USDA GRIN
Cucurbitaceae family
No
ALTECU-3, ALTECU-4
Pathway not proven. According to Thomas, 1996, artificially infested seed has resulted in seedling infection, but infection was low. Spread from naturally infested seed has not been demonstrated. ISF Database, 2014, indicates that seed as a pathway is inferred, but not proven
ALTECU-3, ALTECU-4
Seed treatments are often inferred as effective, but no data exists and seed has not been proven to be a pathway.
ALTECU-4
A quality systems approach in production of the seeds with crop inspections, careful selection of healthy fruits and seed conditioning and cleaning should be used to ensure seed quality and reduce unwanted seed contaminants.
Globisporangium splendens
fungus
Pythium splendens
Worldwide
Widespread
China, Mexico
2022-03-17
Primarily spread through propagative material. Primarily soil borne in nature. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
Wide host rainge, primarily flowers and ornamentals
No
PYTHSL-1, PYTHSL-2
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Cucumber seed has been used in research to "bait" the pathogen in infected soils (PYTHSL-3).
PYTHSL-1, PYTHSL-2
Cladosporium cucumerinum
fungus
Cladosporium cucumeris, Cladosporium scabies, Macrosporium cucumerinum, Macrosporium melophthorum, Scolicotrichum melophthorum
Worldwide
FL. ME, MI, NY, NC, OK, OR, TX, WA
China
2022-11-11
Widespread in many cool, temperate regions of the world. This pathogen is known to occur in China.
cucumber, pumpkin, gourd,melon, watermelon
Yes
CLADCU-1, CLADCU-2, CLADCU-3, CLADCU-6, CLADCU-7
The pathogen has been found on seed, especially in early publications. Seed borne inoculum appears to be relatively minor, the pathogen commonly survives in the soil and debris. Seed quality programs have greatly reduced inculum associated with seed and inoculum in soil debris more common.
CLADCU-1, CLADCU-2, CLADCU-3, CLADCU-6, CLADCU-7
No test specific for C. sativus was found. Freezing blotter has been used for Cucurbita spp.
Seed surface-disinfestation with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min to decrease all fungal contamination
CLADCU-2
Resistance in known. Seed quality programs have effectively controlled seed inoculum.
Cladosporium cucumerinum In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Zitter, T.A. Scab 2016. The American Phytopathologogical Society APSnetfeatures. (http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Scab.aspx) St. Paul, MN
LEAF, O.A., 1963. The Relation of Seed and Soil-borne Inoculum to the Epidemiology of Angular Leaf Spot of Cucumber in Wisconsin. The Plant Disease Reporter, 47:15
Ellis, M.B. and Holliday, P., 1972. Cladosporium cucumerinum.[Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, (35).
Verticillium albo-atrum
fungus
Verticillium albo-atrum var. caespitosum, Verticillium albo-atrum var. tuberosum
Worldwide, primarily in cool temperate climates and in potato producing areas
Widespread, especially in northern states
China, Thailand
2022-11-11
Many reports of Verticillium albo-atrum in crops reported prior to 1970 may have actually been Verticillium dahlia. Only lucerne, potatoes, tomatoes and hops are considered important hosts. This pathogen has been reported in China
Wide host range. An important pathogen of potatoes.
No
VERTAA-2, VERTAA-3, VERTAA-4, ISFRPLD
No evidence that seed is a pathway for this crop. Verticillium dahlia is the primary pathogen for verticillium wilt in cucurbits.
VERTAA-2, VERTAA-3, VERTAA-4, ISFRPLD
Anonymous 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 165: 1-531. (94)
Gubler, WD. 1996. Verticillium Wilt. In, Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. Eds. Zitter, TA, Hopkins, DL and Thomas, CE. APS Press, Minniapolis, MN.
Gubler WD, Grogan RG, and Greathead AS, 1978. Wilt of cucumber caused by Verticillium albo-atrum in California. Plant Disease Reporter, 62:786-788
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11
Prevalent in China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
No
VERTDA-16
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on cucumber but is not an important host. No references were found indicating seed is a pathway.
VERTDA-16
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Tobacco ringspot virus
virus
Anemone necrosis virus, Annulus tabaci, Blueberry necrotic ringspot virus, Nicotiana virus 12, Soybean bud blight virus, Tobacco Brazilian streak virus, Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tobacco ringspot virus No. 1
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea, China
2022-09-22
Nepovirus. Requires the Xiphinema americanum nematode for transmission. This pest has been reported to be in Korea.
Extensive host range includes many weed, fruit and ornamental plant species. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important
No
TORSXX-2, TORSXX-5
A seed pathway has not been proven, but is inferred in several publications (TORSXX-9). No references supporting this claim were provided or found.
TORSXX-2, TORSXX-5
Eggplant mottled dwarf virus
virus
Tomato vein yellowing virus, Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus, Hibiscus vein yellowing virus, Pelargonium vein clearing virus, Pittosporum vein clearing virus, Pittosporum vein yellowing virus, Tomato vein clearing virus
North Africa, Afghanistan, Iran, Israel, Europe, Australia and Japan
Not known to occur
Mexico, Korea
2023-08-21
This virus is not known to be seed borne (CABI CPC)
Primarily eggplant. Other solanacious and cucurbit crops, and ornamentals that are propagated have been reported as minor hosts.
No
EMDV00-1, EMDV00-2
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
EMDV00-1, EMDV00-2
Cucumber leaf spot virus
virus
Cucumber fruit streak virus
Iran, Bulgaria, Poland
Not known to occur
China, Nepal
2022-11-11
Cucumber leaf spot virus is transmitted by the soil fungus Olpidium radicale
Primarily cucumber in nature. Reported in squash and melon; 19 experimental hosts, most producing local lesions only.
No
CLSV00-2
Seed pathway is not proven. One unpublished reference (CSLV00-2) indicates seed transmission in experiments. No evidence of natural seed transmission.
CLSV00-2
Weber, I. 1986. Cucumber leaf spot virus Datasheet 319. Description of Plant Viruses No. 319. http://dpvweb.net/
Melon necrotic spot virus
virus
Worldwide
CA
Mexico
2023-08-21
Only systemic in Cucumis melo (melon). Local lesions produced in Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vigna unguiculata ssp. Sesquipedalis (yardlong bean).
No
MNSV00-5, DVPWEB
Data conflicting as to whether Melon necrotic spot virus can be systemic in this host. No evidence that seed is a pathway.
MNSV00-5, DVPWEB
Squash mosaic virus
virus
Cantaloupe mosaic virus, Melon mosaic virus, Muskmelon mosaic virus, Watermelon virus, Cucurbit ring mosaic virus, Muskmelon mosaic comovirus, Muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, Pumpkin mosaic virus, Squash mosaic comovirus
Worldwide
Widespread in cucurbit production areas
Korea, Mexico
2021-04-27
Spread by Diabrotica beetles
All Cucurbitaceae crops, Chenopodium spp., Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae and Hydrophyllaceae
No
SQMV00-10
There is no evidence that cucumber seed is a pathway for this virus.
SQMV00-10
Though seed is not a pathway, commercial testing is available using the NSHS standard ELISA and grow-out confirmation.
International Seed Federation Pest List Database. http://www.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Tomato ringspot virus
virus
blackberry (Himalaya) mosaic virus, Euonymus chlorotic ringspot virus, Euonymus ringspot virus, grape yellow vein virus, grapevine yellow vein virus, Nicotiana 13 virus, peach stem pitting virus, prune brown line virus, Prunus stem pitting virus, red currant mosaic virus, tobacco ringspot virus 2, tomato ringspot nepovirus, ToRSV, winter peach mosaic virus
Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, Togo; Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Jodan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey; Europe: Belarus, Croatia, France, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, UK; North America: Canada, Puerto Rico, USA; Oceania: Fiji, New Zealand; South America: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela.
Widespread
Korea, Mexico, Thailand
2022-11-07
Natural spread is confined to areas where there are moderate to high populations of nematode vectors belonging to the genus Xiphinema. Requires the nematode to spread. Seed transmission only shown in strawberry and raspberry in nature.
Wide host range, primarily ornamentals and fruit trees and berries. Vegetable crops infected are listed below. Not known to infect grains and grasses
No
TORSV0-4, TORSV0-5
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
TORSV0-4, TORSV0-5
n/a
Tomato spotted wilt virus
virus
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.
No
TSWV00-1, TSWV00-2, TSWV00-3
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
TSWV00-1, TSWV00-2, TSWV00-3
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org
Kormelink R. 2005. Tomato spotted wilt virus Datasheet 412. Description of Plant Viruses Online. 2016. www.dpvweb.net.
Phomopsis sclerotioides
fungus
Diaporthe sclerotioides
India, Malaysia, British Columbia, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
Not known to occur
Korea
2022-05-26
Primarily in greenhouse grown production. Soil borne organism (PHOPSC-3)
squash, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, cucumber
No
PHOPSC-3, PHOPSC-6, PHOPSC-5
No evidence that seed is a pathway. Primarily found in greenhouse soils.
PHOPSC-3, PHOPSC-6, PHOPSC-5
Bruton BD and Biles CL. 2017. Phomosis Black Root Rot of Cucumber. In, Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases and Pests, Second Edition. Keinath AP, Wintermantel WM and Zitter TA, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Richardson, M.J. 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Fourth Edition. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Tobacco mosaic virus
virus
TMV U1, type, Vulgare or Common strain
tobacco mosaic tobamovirus,
VMT (Virus mosaique de tabac)
Worldwide
Widespread
Mexico
2023-08-21
Broad host range. Cultivated species listed below.
No
Occasionally listed as a host, no evidence that seed is a pathway.
Arabis mosaic virus
virus
Arabis mosaic nepovirus, Ash ring and line pattern virus, Forsythia yellow net virus, Hop nettlehead virus,Jasmine yellow blotch virus, Raspberry yellow dwarf virus, Rhabarber mosaik virus (rhubarb mosaic virus), Rhubarb mosaic virus
Worldwide
CT, FL, MI, MN, MO, NE, NY, OH, SC
Mexico, China, Korea, Brazil, Thailand
2022-10-08
This virus has been reported in Mexico, China (CABI, 2017), but natural spread may be limited to EU (Murant, 1974).
Wide host range including many vegetable, agronomic and fruit species
No
ARMV00-7
No references found indicating cucumber as a host of Arabis mosaic virus. Cucumber plants when inoculated artificially can be infected by Arabis mosaic virus.
ARMV00-7
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon Switzerkand
Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus
virus
Oman
Not known to occur
Korea
2022-12-01
Whitefly transmitted virus.Not to be confused with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus affecting mungbean in Asia.
Only reported in cucumber, kidney bean. Tomato and soybean are uncommon hosts.
No
MYMIV-1
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Not considered a common host of the virus.
MYMIV-1
Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Cucumber vein yellowing virus
virus
Bottle gourd mosaic virus
India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Cyprus, Portugal, Spain
Not known to occur
Korea
2023-08-21
Not known to be seed transmitted. Whitefly transmitted virus.
watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash, pumpkin
No
CVYV00-1, ISFRPLD
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CVYV00-1, ISFRPLD
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus
virus
Mexico, Southern Europe, North Africa, Asia
AL, AZ, CA, FL, GA, SC, TX
Korea, Nepal
2022-02-15
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted virus. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash, pumpkin.
No
CABICPC
Seed is not known to be a pathway. The natural spread of CYSDV occurs through its vector, Bemisia tabaci.
CABICPC
Beet curly top virus
virus
Beet curly top geminivirus, beet curly top hybrigeminivirus, potato green dwarf virus, sugarbeet curly top virus, sugarbeet curly-leaf virus, sugarbeet virus 1, tomato yellow virus, tomato yellows virus, western yellow blight virus
Africa: Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt; Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Turkey; Europe: Cyprus, Italy; North America: Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay.
Widespread
Korea
2024-06-19
BCTV is spread locally by insect vectors and internationally through infected host material or vectors. It is not known to be a seed transmitted virus in any host. It is More common in the western US where vectors are more common.
celery, table beet, sugarbeet, pepper, cucumber, cucurbits, common bean, tomato, cowpeas
No
BCTV00-5, CABICPC, ISFRPLD
Seed is not known to be a pathway in any host of Beet curly top virus
BCTV00-5, CABICPC, ISFRPLD
Impatiens necrotic spot virus
virus
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Impatiens strain
Africa: Egypt, Uganda; Asia: China, Iran, Japan, South Korea; Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czechia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Gurnsey, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Chile, Colombia.
Widespread
Korea
2024-09-07
The virus is closely related to Tomato spotted wilt virus and a member of the Tospovirus group of viruses which are thrip transmitted. Seed transmission is unlikely and not reported for any host.
Wide host range. Main: Impatiens. Other: many ornamentals and vegetables.
No
INSV00-2, CABICPC
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
INSV00-2, CABICPC
Difficult to control. Field control must consider the virus and the vector for success.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
bacterium
Many
Worldwide
Widespread
Thailand, China, Korea
2022-12-01
Seed is known to be a pathway on several crops. Thailand lists this pathogen as prohibited on corn. China lists this pathogen (Pseudomonas oryzicola) as prohibited on rice.
Wide host range. Important vegetable and agronomic crops listed below.
No
PSDMSY-2, PSDMSY-3, PSDMSY-17
No evidence found indicating seed is a pathway. Cucumber has only been shown to be a host under experimental conditions, but no references found indicating natural infection.
PSDMSY-2, PSDMSY-3, PSDMSY-17
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon, Switzerland
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Slomnicka, R., Olczak-Woltman, H., Bartoszewski, G. and Niemirowicz-Szczytt, K. (2015). Genetic and pathogenic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from cucurbits. European Journal of Plant Pathology 141:1-14.
Pythium vexans
fungus
Pythium complectens, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium allantocladon, Pythium ascophallon, Pythium piperinum, Ovatisporangium vexans, Pythium euthyphyphon, Pythium polycladon
Africa, Asia, Europe, Guatemala, Caribbean, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, South Korea, New Zealand, Canada
HI, OK, CA, NC, MD, VA, DE, PA, NJ, WA, TN, LA, WI, IA
Korea
2023-08-21
Primarily affecting seedlings and roots and is transmitted mainly through infested soil. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host. Zoospores of this fungus can swim in open water for a short distance. This pathogen has been reported in S. Korea. Korea lists this pathogen as Phytopythium vexans
Wide host range
No
PYTHVE-1, PYTHVE-3
Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
PYTHVE-1, PYTHVE-3
Tobacco necrosis virus
virus
Bean stipple streak virus, Chenopodium necrosis necrovirus, Cucumber systemic necrosis virus, Euonymus mosaic virus, Strawberry necrotic rosette virus, Tobacco necrosis necrovirus, Tulip Augusta disease virus, Tulip necrosis virus
Africa: South Africa; Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey; Europe: Belgium, Bosnia. & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden. Switzerland,UK; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Brazil.
CA, IL, NE, NY, UT, WI
Korea
2024-09-24
Tobacco necrosis is primarily transferred through roots by zoospores. Seed is not known to be a pathway for this virus however potato seed tubers can carry the virus.
Main: carrot, common bean, cucumber, potato, tulip; Other: tomato, beet, lettuce, pea
No
CABICPC, DPVWEB
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABICPC, DPVWEB
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus
virus
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi begomovirus, ToLCNDV
Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Seychelles, Tunisia; Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey; Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain,.
Not known to occur
Korea
2024-11-09
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is transmitted by the whitefly. Seed transmission of ToLCNDV has not been reported.
ToLCNDV affects a wide spectrum of plant species. Main are the Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae families.
No
CABICPC
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABICPC
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
bacterium
Bacterium angulatum, Bacterium tabaci, Bacterium tabacum, Chlorobacter angulatum, Chlorobacter tabaci, Phytomonas angulata, Phytomonas tabaci, Pseudomonas angulata, Pseudomonas tabaci, Xanthomonas tabaci
Worldwide
Eastern and southeastern states.
Thailand
2022-12-01
soybean, common bean, pea, pepper, cucumber, tomato, eggplant
No
PSDMTA-3
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
PSDMTA-3
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Pythium mamillatum
fungus
Globisporangium mamillatum
Asia: China; North America: Canada, USA.
OR, WA.
Korea
2024-09-24
Pythium mamillatum is a soil-borne fungs. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
carrot
No
CABICPC, PYTHMA-3
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABICPC, PYTHMA-3
Nacobbus aberrans
nematode
Anguillulina aberrans, Nacobbus batatiformis, Nacobbus bolivianus, Nacobbus serendipiticus, Nacobbus serendipiticus bolivianus, Pratylenchus aberrans
Egypt, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico
AR, CO, KS, MT, NE, SD, UT, WY
Korea
2023-08-21
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
potato, vegetables
No
NACOBA-1, NACOBA-2
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
NACOBA-1, NACOBA-2
Xiphinema diversicaudatum
nematode
Dorylaimus diversicaudatus, Dorylaimus elongatus apud, Longidorus diversicaudatus, Xiphinema diversicaudatum, Xiphinema amarantum, Xiphinema basiri apud, Xiphinema israeliae apud, Xiphinema paraelongatum, Xiphinema sahelense apud, Xiphinema seredouense
Africa: Morocco, South Africa; Asia: India, Turkey; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Urkaine, UK; North America: USA. Oceania: New Zealand.
CA
Korea
2024-09-09
Found primarily in pasture and woodland areas. May spread nepoviruses. Seed is not known to be a pathway for dagger nematodes.
Wide host range
No
XIPHDI-1, CABICPC, ISFRPLD
Seed is not known to be a pathway for dagger nematodes.
XIPHDI-1, CABICPC, ISFRPLD
Pratylenchus brachyurus
nematode
Anguillulina brachyura, Pratylenchus leiocephalus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus steineri, Tylenchus brachyurus
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-06-28
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Common in tropics (PRATBR-1)
Wide host range
No
PRATBR-2, PRATBR-3
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
PRATBR-2, PRATBR-3
Golovinomyces orontii
fungus
Erysiphe orontii, Erysiphe polyphaga, Erysiphe tabaci, Oidium begoniae, Oidium violae
Worldwide
AZ, CA, GA, ID, MA, MO, SC, TX, WA
Korea
2024-09-07
Korea lists this pathogen as Erysiphe orontii. Seed is not a pathway. Wind-borne conidia most common means of dispersal.
Main: sugarbeet, pepper, watermelon, melon, cucumber, pumpkin, pea, tomato, eggplant, potato.
No
CABICPC
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABICPC
CABICPC
Seed treatment to control powdery mildew on seedlings from wind blown spores during the first 1.5 weeks of growth.
Boeremia exigua var. exigua
fungus
Ascochyta asteris, Ascochyta cyphomandrae, Ascochyta hydrangeae, Ascochyta nicotianae, Ascochyta phaseolorum, Ascochyta sonchi, Phoma exigua f.sp. exigua, Phoma exigua var. exigua, Phoma herbarum, Phoma herbarum f. brassicae, Phoma herbarum f. hyoscyami, Phoma herbarum f. schoberiae, Phoma herbarum var. dulcamaricola, Phoma linicola, Phoma solanicola, Phoma solanophila, Phoma tuberosa, Phyllosticta decidua, Phyllosticta hortorum, Phyllosticta mulgedii, Phyllosticta sambuci, Phyllosticta vincae-majoris, Phyllosticta vincae-minoris
Worldwide. CABI: B. exigua var. exigua is almost certainly ubiquitous worldwide, but many records fail to specify the variety that it is not possible to provide particular country/state information. There are undoubtedly many records under the many synonyms and these require re-examination.
Widespread
Korea
2024-09-04
This pathogen has been reported in Korea under other synonyms. This is a weak pathogen capable of persisting in soil and also transmitted by rainsplash-dispersed conidia. Common bean and possible sugarcane are the only hosts shown where seed may be a pathway.
B. exigua var. exigua is a ubiquitous weak or secondary pathogen on more than 200 different plant genera. Main hosts are in the Fabaaceae and Solanaceae familes.
No
CABICPC, RICHISTA
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. A weak pathogen but widespread in soils throughout the world.
CABICPC, RICHISTA
Alternaria alternata
fungus
Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria tenuissima, many others
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-09-13
Korea listed this pathogen as Alternaria spp. A. alternata, A. tenuis and A. tenuissima have all been reported in Korea. A. alternata has often been found on seed in laboratory testing. There is little evidence of seed transmission. This fungus is ubiquitous and often of minor importance in its hosts.
Wide host range
No
ALTEAL-4, ALTEAL-9, ALTEAL-8
Pathway not proven. A specific f. sp. (A. alternata f.sp. cucurbitae) infects cucumber. Although seed has been reported as a possible source of long range inoculum (ALTEAL-9), no data was presented nor was a specific reference cited. Other references do not consider cucumber seed as a pathway.
ALTEAL-4, ALTEAL-9, ALTEAL-8
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Vakalounakis DJ. 2017. Alternaria leaf spot. In, Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases and Pests, Second Ed. Keinath AP, Wintermantel WM and Zitter TA, eds. The American Pathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Cruz-Chouque, D., Blanco, R. and Tello, J.C. (1999). Spectrum of seed-associated fungi on Cucumis melo L. before its conservation into a germplasm bank. I International Symposium on Cucurbits. Acta Horticulturae ISHS, 492, 201-206
Fusarium redolens
fungus
Fusarium oxysporum var. redolens, Fusarium redolens var. solani, Fusarium solani var. redolens
Africa: Algeria, Tunisia; Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Turkey; Europe: Czechia, Finland, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, USA,; Oceania: New Zealand.
MT, ND.
Korea
2024-09-04
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Fusarium redolens is soil-borne.
An economic pathogen of carnation. Though reported on other vegetable and grain crops, it is not considered an economic pathogen of many hosts or its economic importance is not known.
No
No references found indicating that seed is a pathway.
Cucumber necrosis virus
virus
cucumber necrosis tombusvirus
Canada (Ontario)
Not known to occur.
Nepal
2023-09-08
Soil-borne, transmitted by the chytrid fungus Olpidium cucurbitacearum and readily transmitted by mechanical inoculation to a wide range of plants. Found naturally only in greenhouse cucumbers.
Cucumber
No
CABICPC, DPVWEB, CUNV00-1
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
CABICPC, DPVWEB, CUNV00-1
Erwinia tracheiphila
bacterium
Bacillus tracheiphilus, Bacillus tracheiphilus f.sp. cucumis,Bacterium tracheiphilum, Erwinia amylovora var. tracheiphila
Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Asia, Lithuania, Canada,
AL, NM
Nepal
2023-09-11
There are no records of E. tracheiphila being seed- or pollen-borne, nor is it known to be spread in soil, water, or by wind. The bacteria is dependent on the striped cucumber beetle Acalymma vittata and the spotted cucumber beetle Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi for dispersal. (CABI)
cucurbit spp.
No
CABICPC, ERWITR-3
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABICPC, ERWITR-3
ERWITR-4, CABICPC
Management of the disease relies on controlling two vector species. Insecticide applications have proven to be effective in reducing cucumber beetles as well as using a Permiter Trap Crop (PTC) or border crops to intercept pests. Aggressively controlling beetles in early-planted crops can help late-plantings.
Olawole, O. I., Gleason, M. L., & Beattie, G. A. (2022). Expression and functional analysis of the type iii secretion system effector repertoire of the xylem pathogen erwinia tracheiphila on cucurbits. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 35(9), 768–778. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0002-r
Rojas, E., Batzer, J. C., Beattie, G. A., Fleischer, S. J., Shapiro, L. R., Williams, M. A., Bessin, R., Bruton, B. D., Boucher, T., Jesse, L. H., & Gleason, M. L. (2015). Bacterial wilt of cucurbits: Resurrecting a classic pathosystem. Plant Disease, 99(5), 564–574. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1068-fe
Zucchini yellow fleck virus
virus
zucchini yellow fleck potyvirus
Israel, France, Greece, Italy
Not known to occur
Nepal
1969-12-31
ZYFV has been reported on squash and winter melon (C. melo var. inodorus) in the Mediterranean basin. Melon has been shown experimentally to be susceptible to infection by the virus. (ISF RPL).
melon, cucumber
No
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, ZYFV00-1, ZYFV00-2, ZYFV00-3
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, ZYFV00-1, ZYFV00-2, ZYFV00-3
Lecoq, H., & Desbiez, C. (2012). Viruses of cucurbit crops in the mediterranean region. In Advances in virus research (pp. 67-126). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394314-9.00003-8
Antignus, Y., Levy, D., & Cohen, S. (1995). Characterisation of a variant of zucchini yellow fleck virus (zyfv), a potyvirus causing a wilt disease of melons in israel. Annals of Applied Biology, 126(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1995.tb05007.x
Tomassoli, L., Tiberini, A., & Meneghini, M. (2010). zucchini yellow fleck virusis an emergent virus on melon in sicily (italy). Journal of Phytopathology, 158(4), 314–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01620.x
Squash leaf curl virus
virus
Melon leaf curl virus, Squash leaf curl, Watermelon curly mottle virus
Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Said Arabia, Taiwan, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua
AL, AZ, CA, TX
Nepal
2023-09-26
SLCV causes severe stunting and leaf curling of squash. The disease may result in high rates of mortality, and yields may be reduced, particularly in autumn-planted crops when large populations of the whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) are present. (DPV)
Cucurbitaceae
No
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, DPVWEB, SLCV00-1
Certain strains of SLCV can infect cucumber, however, no references found indicating seed as a pathway.
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, DPVWEB, SLCV00-1
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
fungus
Fusarium cucumerinum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucurbitacearum, Septomyxa persicina
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, South Africa; Asia: Armenia, China, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey; Europe: Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, UK; North America: Canada, Panama, USA; South America: Colombia.
CA, FL, KY, MI, MN, NC, OK, TX, WI
Nepal
2024-10-29
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is a soilborne fungus which causes Fusarium wilt.
cucumber
uncertain
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, FUSACC-1, FUSACC-2
Two older references indicate this is seedborne, however information is limited and no further studies found to support this.
CABICPC, ISFRPLD, FUSACC-1, FUSACC-2
blotter
ISFRPLD, FUSACC-3
cultural, biological, chemical
CABICPC, FUSACC-2
Resistant cultivars are the most acceptable and economic means of disease control. Fungicide-treated seed is effective in reducing the incidence of disease. Production and cultivation equipment should be properly disinfected. Cultivation of cucumber in greenhouses during late autumn, winter, and early spring reduces disease symptoms, since wilt is not favoured at relatively low temperatures.
Takeuchi S, Ogawa K, Nomura Y, 1978. Mechanism of seed transmission of Fusarium wilt of cucumber and bottle gourd, and improvement of a method for the seed-disinfection test. Journal of the Central Agricultural Experiment Station, No.28:49-76
Vakalounakis DJ, 1996. Allelism of the Fcu-1 and Foc genes conferring resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102(9):855-858; 9 ref.
Jenkins SFJr, Wehner TC, 1983. Occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum on greenhouse-grown Cucumis sativus seed stocks in North Carolina. Plant Disease, 67(9):1024-1025; 7 ref.
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