Brassica rapa
chinese cabbage, turnip
11 Related Pests
Tomato black ring virus
virus
Lettuce Ringspot Virus, Bean Ringspot Virus, Beet Ringspot Virus, Celery Yellow Vein Virus, Lettuce Ringspot Virus,Potato Bouquet Virus, Potato Pseudo-Aucuba Virus,Tomato Black Ring Nepovirus
India, Japan, Turkey, throughout Europe
Not known to occur
China, Korea, Mexico, Thailand
2022-11-03
Wide host range reported. Requires the Dagger nematode to transmit this virus
Wide host range, however many are experimental only. Important crops listed below.
No
RICH ISTA,
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
RICH ISTA,
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris
phytoplasma
Worldwide
Widespread
2021-11-15
AY phytoplasmas are not seed transmissable and seed is not a pathway in any host.
Wide host range, primarily herbaceous dicots, though strains infect monocots and woody ornamentals
No
PHY01-1,PHY01-2
Seed is not a pathway for AY phytoplasmas
PHY01-1,PHY01-2
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
bacterium
Bacterium maccullochianum,
Bacterium maculicola,
Bacterium maculicola var. japonicum, Phytomonas maculicola,
Pseudomonas maculicola,
Pseudomonas maculicola
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2021-04-26
There is no evidence that seed is a pathway for this pathogen.
Brassicaceae family
No
PSDMMC-1,PSDMMC-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
PSDMMC-1,PSDMMC-2,
Alternaria brassicola
fungus
Helminthosporium brassicicola, Alternaria brassicae var. minor, Sporidesmium exitiosum f. luxuriosum, Alternaria circinans, Alternaria oleracea,Helminthosporium brassicae, Macrosporium circinans, Macrosporium commune var. circinans, Polydesmus exitiosus f. alternarioides, Polydesmus exitiosus f. luxuriosum, Alternaria brassicae f. microspora, Macrosporium cheiranthi var. circinans, Sporidesmium exitiosum f. alternarioides, Sporidesmium septorioides
Worldwide
Widespread
Mexico
2021-08-26
Mexico Organic Vegetable List
crucifers
Yes
ALTEBI-1,ALTEBI-2,ALTEBI-3,
Seed as a pathway is well documented and accepted
Blotter or culture plating (ISTA)
ALTEBI-1,ALTEBI-2,ALTEBI-3,
Blotter, Seed wash, Culture plating, Agar plating, PCR
ALTEBI-4,ALTEBI-5,ALTEBI-6,
ISTA describes both blotter and culture plating as standard methods
Hot water soak, Iprodione, Metalaxyl, Rovral
ALTEBI-1,
IPM programs including crop rotation, sanitation and cultural practices suggested
Alternaria brassicola In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc."
Humpherson-Jones FM, Maude RB, 1982. Studies on the epidemiology of Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica oleracea seed production crops. Annals of Applied Biology, 100:61-71
Humpherson-Jones FM, Hocart MJ, Ainsworth LF, 1983. Alternaria disease of brassica seed crops. 33rd Annual Report for 1982, National Vegetable Research Station Wellesbourne, Warwick UK, 63-64
Bassey and Gabrielson, 1983. Factors affecting accuracy of 2,4-D assays of crucifer seed for Alternaria brassicicola and relation of assays to seedling disease potential. Seed Sci. and Technol. 11:411-420
Wu WS, Chen TW, 1999. Development of a new semiselective medium for detecting Alternaria brassicicola in cruciferous weeds. Seed Science and Technology, 27:397-409
International Seed Testing Assoaciation, 1965. Cabbage etc, Dark leaf spot, wirestem. Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association, 30:1103.
Colletotrichum capsici
fungus
Vermicularia capsici
Worldwide, primarily in tropical production
Southeast US.
Chile, Mexico
2022-02-08
Farr and Rossman, 2015 considers this Colletotrichum species an anamporh of Colletotrichum truncatum.
pepper, tomato, eggplant, Chinese cabbage, bitter gourd
No
Not considered an important host of this pathogen. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Leptosphaeria maculans
fungus
Phoma brassicae, Phoma lingam, Phoma
oleracea, Phoma napobrassicae, Phyllosticta brassicae, Phyllosticta napi Sacc., Plenodomus lingam,
Pleospora maculans, Sphaeria lingam, Sphaeria
maculans
Worldwide
Widespread
China, Korea
2022-03-22
Seed transmission of this pathogen is well established and accepted by the seed industry. This pathogen has been reported in China and Korea (ARS GRIN)
Restricted to Brassicaceae
Yes
LEPYMA-2,
Seed transmission of this pathogen is well established and accepted by the seed industry
Blotter paper is the standard method of the NSHS
LEPYMA-2,
Blotter paper
LEPYMA-4,LEPYMA-5,
This test has been validated by the ISTA and NSHS
Yes, The most effective product now is Coronet by BSAF. Mertect and Iprodione
ISF RPLD,
The most effective products on the market are Coronet. Mertect and Iprodione. (Seed treatment information from manufacture labels and seed industry practices.)
Jacobsen BJ, Williams PH, 1971. Histology and control of Brassica oleracea seed infection by Phoma lingam. Plant Disease Rprt 55:934-938.
Seed Health Testing Method for Phoma lingum Br 2.1 National Seed Health System. http://www.seedhealth.org
Detection of Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica sp. Seed. 2016 International Seed Testing Association. Seed Health Test Methods 2016. www.seedtest.org
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11
Prevalent in China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
No
VERTDA-16,
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on this crop, but not considered an important pathogen. No references found indicating that seed is a pathway.
VERTDA-16,
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Mycosphaerella brassicicola
fungus
Asteroma brassicae, Asteromella brassicae, Cercospora albomaculans, Dothidea brassicae, Phyllosticta brassicicola, Phyllosticta napi, Pseudocercosporella anguioides, Sphaerella brassicicola, Sphaeria brassicicola., Depazea brassicicola
Worldwide
AL,CA, HI, IL, OR, NY, TX, WA
Mexico
2022-04-13
Brassicaceae
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Debris is the most common source of inoculum. Crop debris associated with the seed may carry fungal spores.
Alternaria japonica
fungus
Alternaria raphani, Alternaria brassicae var. macrospora, Alternaria matthiolae
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe; Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand; Europe: Austria, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, United Kingdom; North America: Canada, Cuba, United States; Oceania: Australia, French Polynesia, New Caldonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea; South America: Brazil.
AZ, CA, FL, MA, MI, MN, MS, NJ, OH, PA, SC.
Korea
2024-08-20
Alternaria japonica causes black spot disease in cruciferous plants and is well established worldwide. It has a broad host range within the Brassicaceae family and can be difficult to eradicate as it can survive in the soil for years.
Main: brassicas, radish. Other: tomato
Yes
ALTERP-2,ALTERP-5,ALTERP-6,CABI CPC,ALTERP-9
Seed as a pathway is established and accepted.
ALTERP-2,ALTERP-5,ALTERP-6,CABI CPC,ALTERP-9
Blotter incubation, culture plating
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
CABI describes the blotter and incubation methods for this pathogen. Commercial testing is available, although these methods have not been standardized or validated. One reference indicates a DNA-based test; however, this method has also not been validated.
Chemical, Cultural
ALTERP-5,CABI CPC
Plant disease-free seed. Crop rotation can help where the fungus is persistent in soils. Eradicate volunteer hosts. Chemical, Physical, and biological seed treatments have been reported to be effective in controlling seed inoculum.
Farr, D.F., and Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. 2020, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Saharan GS, Mehta N and Meena PD. 2016. Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Petrie GA, 1974. Fungi associated with seeds of rape, turnip rape, flax, and safflower in western Canada, 1968-73. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 54:155-165
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Rop, N. K., Kiprop, E. K., & Ochuodho, J. O. (2009). Alternaria species causing black spot disease of Brassicas in Kenya
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Beet western yellows virus
virus
Brassica virus 5, Malva yellows virus, Radish yellows virus, Turnip mild yellows virus, Turnip yellows virus luteovirus
Africa: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Tunisia; Asia: China, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Pakistan, South Korea, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Yemen; Europe: Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, UK; North America: USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
CA, IL, OR, WA
Korea
2024-08-21
Transmission is by aphid vectors, particularly the green peach aphid.
Main: Brassica spp., radish, spinach. Other: sugarbeet, chickpea, pepper.
No
BWYV00-3,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,DPV WEB
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
BWYV00-3,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,DPV WEB
Duffus JE, 1964. Host relationship of beet western yellows virus strains. Phytopathology, 54:736-738
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Colletotrichum higginsianum
fungus
-
Africa: Tunisia; Asia: China, Singapore; North America: Guadaloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico; Oceania: American Samoa; South America: Argentina.
FL
Brazil
2024-08-15
Colletotrichum higginsianum is a fungal pathogen that infects Brassicaceae plants like mustard, cabbage, and Arabidopsis, causing anthracnose disease with dark, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits.
Brassicaceae family
No
COLLHG-3
Seed is often cited as a means of transmission, but no evidence of a seed pathway was found. Seed has been inferred as a pathway due to possible seed transmission in radish.
COLLHG-3
Scheffer., 1950. Anthracnose Leafspot of Crucifers. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.
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