Lolium spp.
ryegrass
2 Related Pests
Tilletia walkeri
fungus
Australia, New Zealand, China
GA, OR, TN
Korea
2023-08-21
US State information from ARS GRIN
rygresses, wheat
No
TILLWA-4, TILLWA-5
Pathway not proven. Teliospores of T. walker can be associated with seed samples, but seed transmission has not been proven.
TILLWA-4, TILLWA-5
Visual examination, Seed wash, Size selective sieving, PCR
TILLWA-1, TILLWA-3
Visual examination, Seed wash, Size selective sieving and PCR have been described for T. indica and were used by researchers. PCR is used to distinguish T. indica from T. walker
Cunfer, B. M., and Castlebury, L. A. 1999. Tilletia walkeri on annual ryegrass in wheat fields in the southeastern United States. Plant Dis. 83:685-689.
L. A. Castlebury & L. M. Carris (1999) Tilletia walkeri, a new species on Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne, Mycologia, 91:1, 121-131
Tilletia walkeri, In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Frederick, R. D., Snyder, K. E., Tooley, P. W., Berthier-Schaad, Y., Peterson, G. L., Bonde, M. R., Schaad. N. W., and Knorr, D. A. 2000. Identification and differentiation of Tilletia indica and T. walkeri using the polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 90:951-960.
Gloeotinia temulenta
fungus
Gloeotinia granigena, Phialea temulenta, Sclerotinia temulenta, Phialia temulenta, Endoconidium temulentum
Europe: Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, UK; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
OR
Korea
2024-09-15
In blind seed disease, unfertilized or developing seed of susceptible grasses are colonized by the fungus Gloeotinia temulenta. Infection results in loss of seed germination. About 56 species of grasses are susceptible, including important forage and turf grasses such as ryegrass and tall fescue. The disease occurs in all areas of production of cool season grasses grown for seed.
Poaceae grasses, primarily ryegrasses, rye, barley
Yes
GLOTTE-2, GLOTTE-3, GLOTTE-6, CABICPC, Glotte-8, GLOTTE-9
Seed pathway well established and accepted.
GLOTTE-2, GLOTTE-3, GLOTTE-6, CABICPC, Glotte-8, GLOTTE-9
Seed soak and visual examination.
GLOTTE-4, GLOTTE-7
Soaking method was most reliable in research. These tests have not been validated or standardized.
Chemical, Cultural
GLOTTE-3
Fungicides and hot water treatments have been only partially affective.
Hardison, JR. 1949. Blind Seed Disease of Ryegrasses. Station Ciruclar 177. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State College, Corvallis, OR.
Alderman, SC. 2001. Blind Seed Disease. USDA, ARS Miscellaneous Publication Number 1567.
Hampton JG and Scott DJ, 1980. Blind seed disease of ryegrass in New Zealand I. Occurrence and evidence for the use of nitrogen as a control measure. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture Research, 23:143-147
Chynoweth, R. J., Rolston, M. P., Kelly, M., & Grbavac, N. (2012). Control of blind seed disease (Gloeotinia temulenta) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed crops and implications for endophyte transmission.
Pérez-Pizá, M. C., Striker, G. G., & Stenglein, S. A. (2023). Seed-borne diseases in pasture grasses and legumes: state of the art and gaps in knowledge. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 130(2), 225-244.
Matthews BD, 1981. Ryegrass, Blind seed disease. Gloeotinia temulenta (Prill. $ Delacr.) Working Sheet No. 35. ISTA Handbook on Seed Health Testing. Zurich, Switzerland: ISTA.
Fribourg, H. A., D. B. Hannaway, and C. P. West (ed.) 2009. Tall Fescue for the Twenty-first Century. Agron. Monog. 53. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. 540 pp. Also (http://forages.oregonstate.edu/tallfescuemonograph).
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