Trifolium spp. 
                        clover
                        
                2 Related Pests
            
            Aphanomyces euteiches
                                            fungus
                                            -
                                            Asia: China, India, Japan; Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
                                            ID, IL, IA, KY, MN, MS, NY, NC, ND, OR, SD, VT, VI, WA, WI
                                            Mexico
                                            2024-06-09
                                            Not known to be seed transmitted. Long-distance spread is mediated by transportation of contaminated soil or materials, or of infected plants (CABI).                                                
                                            alfalfa, lucerne, bean, pea, lentil, faba bean, clover
                                            No
                                            CABICPC
                                            Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen.
                                            CABICPC
                                            Heterodera trifolii
                                            nematode
                                            -
                                            Africa: Egypt, Tunisia; Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, South Korea, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK; North America: Canada, Costa Rica, USA; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; South America: Argentina, Chile, Colombia.
                                            AR, FL, HI, IL, IA, KY, MN, PA
                                            Korea
                                            2024-11-27
                                            Seed is not known to be a pathway for cyst nematodes (eelworms).  Active dispersal is limited.  Nematodes move through soil water matrix slowly.                                                 
                                            Main: carnation; Other: spinach. Unknown: clover. 
                                            No
                                            HETDTR-2, CABICPC, HETDTR-3
                                            No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Seed is not known to be a pathway for cyst nematodes.
                                            HETDTR-2, CABICPC, HETDTR-3
                                            
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