Chenopodium quinoa
quinoa
2 Related Pests
Peronospora variabilis
fungus
Peronospora farinose f. sp. chenopodii, Botrytis farinosa, Peronospora effusa, Peronospora spinaciae, Peronospora variabilis
Worldwide
PA
Brazil
2025-11-20
Peronospora variablilis, more commonly called Peronospora farinosa f. sp. chenopodii is a downy mildew of chenopods, causing yellow leaf spots and downy growth. It spreads mainly via airborne spores and can be seed-transmitted.
Main: Chenopodiaceae family. Primarily quinoa
Yes
PEROFA-2, PEROFA-3, PEROFA-5, PEROFA-6, PEROFA-7, PEROFA-8
Transmission ranged from 0.2% to 5% in laboratory growouts. Higher transmission with higher relative humidities.
PEROFA-2, PEROFA-3, PEROFA-5, PEROFA-6, PEROFA-7, PEROFA-8
grow out
Tested by growout in high relative humidity in research. This method has not been validated or standardized.
Biological, cultural
PEROFA-7
Use resistant varieites. Avoid excess watering. Space rows further apart in fields, crop rotation, weed control.
Farr, D.F. and Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. 2016, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Danielsen, Mercado, Ames and Munk. 2004. Seed transmission of downy mildew (Peronospora farinose f.sp. chenopodii) in quinoa and effect of relative humidity on seedling infection. Seed Sci and Technol. 32; 91-98
Voll, E., A. M. Brighenti, D. L. P. Gazziero, and F. S. Aegas. 2004. Dinâmica da população de Cardiospermum halicacabum e competição com a cultura da soja. Pesquisa Agropecuaris Brasileira. Brasília. 39:27-33.
Choi, Y. J., Choi, I. Y., Kim, J. S., Shin, H. D., 2014. First report of quinoa downy mildew caused by Peronospora variabilis in Republic of Korea.Plant Disease, 98(7) 1003.
Colque-Little, C., Amby, D. B., & Andreasen, C. (2021). A review of Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) diseases—An updated perspective. Plants, 10(6), 1228.
Nolen, H., Smith, C., Davis, T. M., & Poleatewich, A. (2022). Evaluation of disease severity and molecular relationships between Peronospora variabilis isolates on Chenopodium species in New Hampshire. Plant Disease, 106(2), 564-571.
Sowbane mosaic virus
virus
Apple latent virus 2, Chenopodium mosaic virus, Chenopodium seed-borne mosaic virus, Chenopodium star mottle virus, SoMV, Sowbane mosaic sobemovirus
Africa: Morocco; Asia: Japan, Turkey; Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy; North America: Canada, USA; Oceania: Australia.
CA, MD
China
2024-12-31
Transmission through insect vectors. Only chenopodium seeds have been shown to be a pathway.
Main: quinoa; Other: spinach, beet,
Yes
SOMV00-2, SOMV00-3, CABI CPC, RICH ISTA, DPV WEB
Transmission rates often high, but symptoms are minor
SOMV00-2, SOMV00-3, CABI CPC, RICH ISTA, DPV WEB
Bio-assay, Serology
CABI CPC, SOMV00-8
This test has not been validated or standardized.
cultural
CABI CPC
Use disease-free seed.
Bennett CW, Costa AS, 1961. Sowbane mosaic caused by a seed-transmitted virus. Phytopathology, 51:546-550.
Dias HJ, Waterworth HE, 1967. The identity of a seed-borne mosaic virus of Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. Canadian Journal of Botany, 45:1285-1295.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Description of Plant Viruses ; http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Cardin L, Ponchet M, Jacquemond M, Delecolle B, 1995. A new virus disease inducing a mottle and yellowing of ornamental Danae racemosa foliage caused by a sowbane mosaic virus strain. Agronomie, 15(3-4):181-191
Search the database