Ditylenchus dipsaci
stem and bulb nematode
Anguillula devastatrix, Anguillula dipsaci, Anguillula secalis, Anguillulina dipsaci,Anguillulina dipsaci var. communis, Ditylenchus allocotus, Ditylenchus amsinckiae, Ditylenchus dipsaci var. tobaensis, Ditylenchus fragariae,Ditylenchus sonchophila, Ditylenchus trifolii, Tylenchus allii Tylenchus devastator, Tylenchus devastatrix
Tylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchus havensteini, Tylenchus hyacinthi, Tylenchus putrefaciens
Worldwide in temperate climates.
Widespread
2023-05-05 19:09:29
nematode
Brazil
Ditylenchus dipsaci is known to attack over 450 different plant species, including many weeds. There are approximately 20 biological races known that tend to prefer certain hosts.
DITYDI
12 Known Hosts
Allium cepa
onion
Yes
DITYDI-3,DITYDI-5,ISF RPLD
Seed is known to be a pathway.
Yes
Sieve Method
CABI CPC
Seed fumigation
Crop rotation with non-hosts and fumigation most effective. Quality seed production practices with inspection.
DITYDI-3,ISF RPLD
Green and Sime, 1979. The Dispersal of Ditylenchus dipsacii in vegetable crops. Annals of Applied Biology 92; 263-270
Seinhorst JW, Koert JL, 1971. Stem nematodes in onion seed. Gewasbescherming 2:25-31.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Avena sativa
oat
No
DITYDI-1,DITYDI-6
Pathway not proven. Though one reference indicates infested seed were used in eradication experiments, there was no information on how infested seeds were obtained. There were no other references found to verify seed pathway.
Yes
Sieve Method
CABI CPC
Neergaard, P. 1977. Seed Pathology Volume 1. McMillian Press, London, UK 839pp
Tenente, R.C.V., et. al., 1999. Investigation-Research: Techniques to Eradicate Plant Parasitic Nematodes from Infested Maize, Oat and Rice Seeds. Nematropica, pp.17-24.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Beta vulgaris
table beet, swiss chard
No
DITYDI-1,DITYDI-3
Though seed has been listed as a pathway, references only list seed as a possible pathway without presenting data or seed was found infested in the laboratory. No evidence of a seed pathway under natural conditions was found.
Yes
Sieve method
DITYDI-3
Seed fumigation
Crop rotation with non-hosts and fumigation most effective
DITYDI-3
Cucurbitaceae family
cucumber, melon, squash, pumpkin, gord, watermelon
No
ISF RPLD
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. ISF RPLD does not consider cucumber, squash and pumpkin hosts.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Medicago sativa
alfalfa
No
DITYDI-1,DITYDI-2,CABI CPC
Pathway not proven. Research speculated seed transmission of Ditylenchus dipsaci in alfalfa based on field pattern, but live nematodes were not recovered from seed samples suspected of Ditylenchus dipsaci infestation. D. dipsaci is more commonly carried in plant debris associated with seed.
Yes
Sieve method
CABI CPC
Fumigants (methyl idodide) Hot water treatments
Cleaning of seed effective in removing nematodes . Certification schemes also effective.
CABI CPC,DITYDI-1
Neergaard, P. 1977. Seed Pathology Volume 1. McMillian Press, London, UK 839pp
Atkinson, H.J., Skyes, G.B.1981 An analysis from aerial photography of the spread of seed-borne Ditylenchus dipsaci in lucerne. Nematologica 27:235-241
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Pisum sativum
pea
Yes
DITYDI-3,CABI CPC
Infestations found to be very low
Yes
Sieve method
DITYDI-3
Seed fumigation
Crop rotation with non-hosts and fumigation most effective
DITYDI-3
Daucus carota
carrot
No
DITYDI-3,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
Pathway not proven. Though seed pathway was speculated (DITYDI-3), seed used for research was not cleaned and conditioned. Debris associated with the seed may have carried D. dipsaci.
Yes
Sieve method
DITYDI-3
Seed fumigation
Crop rotation with non-hosts and fumigation most effective
DITYDI-3
Green and Sime, 1979. The Dispersal of Ditylenchus dipsacii in vegetable crops. Annals of Applied Biology 92; 263-270
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Zea mays
corn
No
ISF RPLD,DITYDI-6
Pathway not proven. Though one reference indicates infested seed were used in eradication experiments, there was no information on how infested seeds were obtained. There were no other references found to verify seed pathway.
Solanum lycopersicum
tomato
No
ISF RPLD
Tomato is an uncommon host for this nematode. No references found indicating seed is a pathway
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Begonia spp.
begonia
No
CABI CPC
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Begonia can be infected by this nematode.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Phaseolus vulgaris
common bean
No
ISF RPLD,DITYDI-3
No references found indicating that seed of common bean is a pathway. Some references list seed of other species of Phaseolus as a pathway.
Phlox spp.
phlox
No
CABI CPC,DITYDI-7
There is little evidence that Phlox. spp. is an important host of this pest, though it is often listed. There were no references found or evidence found indicating that seed is a pathway.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Subbotin SA, Madani M, Krall E, Sturhan D, and Moens M. 2005. Molecular diagnostics, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci species complex based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer-rDNA. Phytopathology 95:1308-1315
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