Citrullus lanatus
watermelon
27 Related Pests
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
virus
Bottlegourd Indian mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, Cucumber mottle virus, Cucumber virus 2, 3 or 4, Cucumis virus 2, Tobacco mosaic virus watermelon strain
Asia: China, Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sudan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, UK. America: Canada. Australia.
CA
Many countries
2023-12-19 22:06:54
Primarily found externally on the seed coat. Mechanical transmission primary the means of spread. Natural infections of Cucurbita pepo (squash and pumpkin) are not known to occur.
watermelon, gerkin, melon, cucumber, bottlegourd, rootstock, Prunus and Gladiolus spp. in experimentation
Yes
CGMMV-2,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
Seed is known to be a pathway. Watermelon seeds are commonly tested for Cucumber green mottle virus.
NSHS
CGMMV-2,CABI CPC,ISF RPLD
ELISA
CGMMV-3,NSHS USDA
This method is a standard method of the NSHS.
Thermotheropy-3 days at 72 C; Chemotheropy-10% trisodium phosphate
CGMMV-2,CABI CPC
Test seed after treatment to determine effectiveness.
Hollings M, Komuro, Y, Tochihara, H, 1975. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Datasheet 154. Descriptions of Plant Viruses. http://dpvweb.net/dpv/
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Detection of Squash Mosaic Virus, Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus and Melon Necrotic Spot Virus in cucurbit seed. International Seed Testing Association. International Rules for Seed Testing 7-026: Seed Health Testing Methods. 2024 https://www.seedtest.org/en/international-rules-for-seed-testing/seed-health-methods-product-1014.html
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli
bacterium
Acidovorax citrulli, Pseudomonas avenae subsp. citrulli, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli
Worldwide
Midwest and Southeast States, CA, OR
2023-04-10 18:02:14
Wild cucurbit species and cucurbit volunteers are known hosts. Occassional reports, but unsubstantiated infections in pepper and tomato
watermelon, melon, squash, pumpkin, cucumber, root stock.
Yes
PSDMAC-1,PSDMAC-6,
Seed as a pathway well documented and accepted for this pathogen
Seedling Grow out and PCR tests are NSHS standard tests (PSDMAC-4)
PSDMAC-1,PSDMAC-6,
Seedling Grow out, PCR tests, Immunomagnetic separation-PCR wash
PSDMAC-1,PSDMAC-4,
No
PSDMAC-6,
Clean seed programs including exclusion, cultural practices, sanitation and cooper sprays when needed, decreased seed infestations but did not eradicate.
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Pest List Database 2016. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Seed Health Testing Method Mz 10.1 National Seed Health System www.seedhealth.org
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
bacterium
Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae, Bacterium cucurbitae, Phytomonas cucurbitae, Pseudomonas cucurbitae
China, India, Nepal, Japan, Brunei, France, Italy, Egypt, Seychelles, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Russia
Widespread
Mexico, Korea, Nepal
2023-09-07 21:46:40
When symptoms are present, confirm the causal agent with laboratory diagnoses. Symptoms of this disease may be suppressed, indistinguishable from other diseases or inconspicuous under unfavorable climatic conditions or plant physiological stress, requiring thorough laboratory analysis. Prolonged periods of latency resulting in asymptotic plants has not been documented for this pathogen, though the period from infection to symptom expression may vary with climatic conditions, plant genetics, physiological stress and plant pathogen strain. Literature showing that random sampling of apparently healthy plants to detect latent populations of this pathogen has not been found.
Cucurbits
No
XANTCU-2,XANTCU-7,ISF RPLD,
The pathogen has been reported on watermelon, but seed as a pathway has not been proven. Movement of the pathogen to seedlings was not shown to occur in controlled experiments. Seed as a pathway for transmission of Xanthomonas cucurbitae appears to be minor or insignificant. Currently seed as a pathway has only been shown on species of Cucurbita (pumpkin).
XANTCU-2,XANTCU-7,ISF RPLD,
CABI CPC,
Use good seed growing practices. Grow in disease free areas and in arid climates. No overhead irrigation. Copper sprays when needed
Babadoost, 2016. Personnel communication University of Illinois:
Babadoost, 2012. Bacterial spot of Cucurbits. Report on Plant disease. No. 949, December 2012. University of Illinois Extension. (http://extension.cropsci.illinois.edu/fruitveg/pdfs/949_bacterial_spot.pd)
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans
bacterium
Bacillus lachrymans, Bacterium burgeri, Bacterium lachrymans, Chlorobacter lachrymans, Phytomonas lachrymans, Pseudomonas burgeri, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Pseudomonas lachrymans f. cucumis
Worldwide, everywhere cucurbits are grown.
Widespread
MX
2021-04-26 21:02:20
This pathogen occurs in MX
Cucurbitaceae family
No
PSDLMA-12,RICH ISTA
Pathway not proven. Watermelon is a host of this pathogen. No evidence of seed as a pathway found. Often inferred as seed borne because it is seedborne in cucumber.
PSDLMA-12,RICH ISTA
Ralstonia solanacearum
bacterium
Too many to list, see CABI CPC for a complete list
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-08-30 17:40:04
Most important economic crop is potato. Host range is extremely wide.
No
RLSTSO-1,RLSTSO-2,
Watermelon is not considered an important host of the pathogen. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
RLSTSO-1,RLSTSO-2,
Colletotrichum orbiculare
fungus
Colletotrichum lagenarium, Glomerella lagenarium
Worldwide, wherever cucurbits are grown.
Widespread, wherever cucurbits are grown
Mexico, Chile
2022-11-11 19:07:15
Cucurbitaceae family
No
COLLLA-1,COLLLA-2,COLLLA-3,COLLLA-5,COLLLA-6,
Pathway not proven. Though seed is often listed as a pathway and research using artificially inoculated seed was found, there has been no research or showing seed is a pathway for this pathogen on this host in nature.
COLLLA-1,COLLLA-2,COLLLA-3,COLLLA-5,COLLLA-6,
Blotter incubation
COLLLA-6,
Though not proven to be seed borne, Blotter assays using methods described for Didymella bryoniae (gummy stem blight) are commonly used in the seed industry.
COLLLA-3,
Although not proven to be seedborne in cucurbits, a seed treatment is recommended
Colletotrichum orbiculare In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc."
Koike ST, Tidwell TE, Fogle DG, Patterson CL, 1991. Anthracnose of greenhouse-grown watermelon transplants caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare in California. Plant Disease, 75:644
Madaan RL, Grover RK, 1979. Chemical control of Colletotrichum lagenarium causing anthracnose and scab of bottle gourd. Indian Phytopathology, 32:210-215
Vakalounakis, DJ. 1996. In, Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. Eds. Zitter, TA, Hopkins DL and Thomas CE. APS Press, Minniapolis, MN
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon Switzerland
Alternaria cucumerina
fungus
Alternaria brassicae var. nigrescens, Macrosporium cucumerinum, Alternaria loofahae
Worldwide
Widespread
Mexico
2022-09-21 21:08:05
Distribution information from USDA GRIN
Cucurbitaceae family
No
ALTECU-3,ALTECU-4,
Pathway not proven. According to Thomas,1996, artificially infested seed has resulted in seedling infection, but infection was low. Spread from naturally infested seed has not been demonstrated.
ALTECU-3,ALTECU-4,
Seed treatments are often inferred as effective, but no data exists and seed has not been proven to be a pathway.
ALTECU-4,
A quality systems approach in production of the seeds with crop inspections, careful selection of healthy fruits and seed conditioning and cleaning should be used to ensure seed quality and reduce unwanted seed contaminants.
Cladosporium cucumerinum
fungus
Cladosporium cucumeris, Cladosporium scabies, Macrosporium cucumerinum, Macrosporium melophthorum, Scolicotrichum melophthorum
Worldwide
FL. ME, MI, NY, NC, OK, OR, TX, WA
China
2022-11-11 18:48:26
Widespread in many cool, temperate regions of the world. This pathogen is known to occur in China.
cucumber, pumpkin, gourd,melon, watermelon
No
CLADCU-1,CLADCU-3,
Pathway not proven. Though seed is often listed as a pathway, there has been no research or literature found showing seed is a pathway for this pathogen on this host. Seed pathway may be inferred because the pest can be associated with seed in Cucurbita spp. and C. sativus.
CLADCU-1,CLADCU-3,
No test specific for C. lanatus was found. Freezing blotter has been used for Cucurbita spp.
Seed surface-disinfestation with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min to decrease all fungal contamination
CLADCU-1,
Monosporacus cannonballus
fungus
Monosporascus eutypoides
Worldwide
AZ, CA, TX, KS
China
2021-04-28 17:59:34
This pathogen has been reported in China. Soilborne in hot, arid climates.
Restricted to melon, watermelon, bottle gourd
No
MSPSCB-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this pathogen.
MSPSCB-2,
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11 18:36:13
Prevalent in China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
No
VERTDA-12,VERTDA-16,VERTDA-26,
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on watermelon. No references found indicating seed as a pathway for Verticillium dahliae in watermelon.
VERTDA-12,VERTDA-16,VERTDA-26,
Bruton, B.D., Fish, W.W., Subbarao, K.V., and Isakeit, T. 2007. First Report of Verticillium Wilt of Watermelon in the Texas High Plains. Pl. Dis. 91: 1053
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. www.pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon, Switzerland
Tobacco ringspot virus
virus
Anemone necrosis virus, Annulus tabaci, Blueberry necrotic ringspot virus, Nicotiana virus 12, Soybean bud blight virus, Tobacco Brazilian streak virus, Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tobacco ringspot virus No. 1
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea, China
2022-09-22 18:37:27
Nepovirus. Requires the Xiphinema americanum nematode for transmission. This pest has been reported to be in Korea.
Extensive host range includes many weed, fruit and ornamental plant species. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important
No
TORSXX-2,TORSXX-5,
Seed as a pathway is not known to occur.
TORSXX-2,TORSXX-5,
Melon necrotic spot virus
virus
Worldwide
CA
Mexico
2023-08-21 16:21:42
Only systemic in Cucumis melo (melon). Local lesions produced in Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vigna unguiculata ssp. Sesquipedalis (yardlong bean).
No
MNSV00-5,DVP WEB,
Pathway not proven. Only a local lesion host and not commonly systemic in this host. Seed transmission inferred because of seed transmission in melon, but no references found indicating watermelon seed is a pathway.
MNSV00-5,DVP WEB,
Squash mosaic virus
virus
Cantaloupe mosaic virus, Melon mosaic virus, Muskmelon mosaic virus, Watermelon virus, Cucurbit ring mosaic virus, Muskmelon mosaic comovirus, Muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, Pumpkin mosaic virus, Squash mosaic comovirus
Worldwide
Widespread in cucurbit production areas
Korea, Mexico
2021-04-27 18:01:40
Spread by Diabrotica beetles
All Cucurbitaceae crops, Chenopodium spp., Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae and Hydrophyllaceae
No
SQMV00-9,SQMV00-10,
Pathway not proven. No field observations of squash mosaic virus in watermelon. Watermelon infection by squash mosaic virus only an experimental curiosity and not found in nature.
SQMV00-9,SQMV00-10,
Tobacco mosaic virus
virus
TMV U1, type, Vulgare or Common strain
tobacco mosaic tobamovirus,
VMT (Virus mosaique de tabac)
Worldwide
Widespread
Mexico
2023-08-21 16:58:52
Broad host range. Cultivated species listed below.
No
Occasionally listed as a host, no evidence that seed is a pathway.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
virus
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21 17:00:09
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.
No
TSWV00-1,TSWV00-2,
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
TSWV00-1,TSWV00-2,
Phomopsis sclerotioides
fungus
Diaporthe sclerotioides
India, Malaysia, British Columbia, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
Not known to occur
Korea
2022-05-26 18:35:23
Primarily in greenhouse grown production. Soil borne organism (PHOPSC-3)
squash, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, cucumber
No
PHOPSC-3,PHOPSC-5,
No evidence that seed is a pathway. Primarily found in greenhouse soils.
PHOPSC-3,PHOPSC-5,
Bruton BD and Biles CL. 2017. Phomosis Black Root Rot of Cucumber. In, Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases and Pests, Second Edition. Keinath AP, Wintermantel WM and Zitter TA, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
Richardson, M.J. 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Fourth Edition. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Cucumber leaf spot virus
virus
Cucumber fruit streak virus
Iran, Bulgaria, Poland
Not known to occur
China, Nepal
2022-11-11 19:32:29
Cucumber leaf spot virus is transmitted by the soil fungus Olpidium radicale
Primarily cucumber in nature. Reported in squash and melon; 19 experimental hosts, most producing local lesions only.
No
CLSV00-1,CLSV00-2,CLSV00-6,
Watermelon has only been shown to be a host laboratory host range studies and only produces local lesions. No references found indicating that watermelon is a natural host for this virus.
CLSV00-1,CLSV00-2,CLSV00-6,
Cucumber Leaf Spot Virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Weber, I. 1986. Cucumber leaf spot virus Datasheet 319. Description of Plant Viruses No. 319. http://dpvweb.net/
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org. Nyon Switzerland
Pythium vexans
fungus
Pythium complectens, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium allantocladon, Pythium ascophallon, Pythium piperinum, Ovatisporangium vexans, Pythium euthyphyphon, Pythium polycladon
Africa, Asia, Europe, Guatemala, Caribbean, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, South Korea, New Zealand, Canada
HI, OK, CA, NC, MD, VA, DE, PA, NJ, WA, TN, LA, WI, IA
Korea
2023-08-21 16:48:58
Primarily affecting seedlings and roots and is transmitted mainly through infested soil. Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host. Zoospores of this fungus can swim in open water for a short distance. This pathogen has been reported in S. Korea. Korea lists this pathogen as Phytopythium vexans
Wide host range
No
PYTHVE-1,PYTHVE-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for any host.
PYTHVE-1,PYTHVE-3,
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus
virus
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi begomovirus, ToLCNDV
Algeria, Morocco, Seychelles, Tunisia, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain
Not known to occur
Korea
2021-04-22 17:53:25
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is transmitted by the whitefly. Seed transmission of ToLCNDV has not been reported.
tomato, eggplant, soybean, potato, cucurbits
No
TLCV-1,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
TLCV-1,
Tobacco leaf curl virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Pratylenchus fallax
nematode
Turkey, Canada
WI, ND
Korea
2022-06-28 17:59:11
Seed is not known to be a pathway for Pratylenchus spp. Pratylenchus spp. primarily move passively through the soil water matrix.
watermelon, beet, wheat, barley, soybean, rapeseed
No
ISF RPLD,
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Seed is not known to be a pathway for Pratylenchus spp.
ISF RPLD,
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Xiphinema diversicaudatum
nematode
Dorylaimus diversicaudatus, Dorylaimus elongatus apud, Longidorus diversicaudatus, Xiphinema diversicaudatum, Xiphinema amarantum, Xiphinema basiri apud, Xiphinema israeliae apud, Xiphinema paraelongatum, Xiphinema sahelense apud, Xiphinema seredouense
Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, Turkey, Morocco, South Africa
CA
Korea
2021-04-22 18:13:59
Found primarily in pasture and woodland areas. May spread nepoviruses. Seed is not known to be a pathway for dagger nematodes.
Wide host range
No
XIPHDI-2,XIPHDI-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for dagger nematodes.
XIPHDI-2,XIPHDI-3,
Pratylenchus brachyurus
nematode
Anguillulina brachyura, Pratylenchus leiocephalus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus steineri, Tylenchus brachyurus
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-06-28 18:00:54
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Common in tropics (PRATBR-1)
Wide host range
No
PRATBR-2,PRATBR-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
PRATBR-2,PRATBR-3,
Golovinomyces orontii
fungus
Erysiphe orontii, Erysiphe polyphaga, Erysiphe tabaci, Oidium begoniae, Oidium violae
Worldwide
AZ, CA, GA, ID, MA, MO ,TX, WA
Korea
2021-04-20 18:59:30
Korea lists this pathogen as Erysiphe orontii.
sugarbeet, pepper, watermelon, melon, cucumber, pumpkin, pea, tomato, potato
No
OIDIBE-1,
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Wind-borne conidia most common means of dispersal.
OIDIBE-1,
OIDIBE-1,
Seed treatment to control powdery mildew on seedlings from wind blown spores during the first 1.5 weeks of growth.
Golovinomyces orontii In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Alternaria alternata
fungus
Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria tenuissima, many others
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-09-13 19:18:44
Korea listed this pathogen as Alternaria spp. A. alternata, A. tenuis and A. tenuissima have all been reported in Korea. A. alternata has often been found on seed in laboratory testing. There is little evidence of seed transmission. This fungus is ubiquitous and often of minor importance in its hosts.
Wide host range
No
ALTEAL-3,ALTEAL-4,
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. References above also indicate that seed is not a pathway.
ALTEAL-3,ALTEAL-4,
Didymella bryoniae
fungus
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Ascochyta citrullinaAscochyta cucumis, Ascochyta melonis, Cercospora citrullinaCercospora cucurbitae, Didymella melonis, Didymosphaeria bryoniae, Didymosphaeria effusa, Didymosphaeria melonisMycosphaerella citrullina, Mycosphaerella melonis,Phoma cucurbitacearum, Phyllosticta citrullina, Sphaerella bryoniae, Sphaeria bryoniae
Worldwide
FL, GA, NY, NC, SC
Nepal
2023-09-08 23:44:46
Cucumber, watermelon, melon, squash and pumpkin
Yes
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,DIDYBR-3,ARS GRIN,ANNO LIST,DIDYBR-4,
Seed is a known pathway.
CABI CPC,ISF RPLD,DIDYBR-3,ARS GRIN,ANNO LIST,DIDYBR-4,
Blotter, PCR
NSHS USDA,
Both blotter and PCR are the temporary standard of the NSHS.
ChemicalÂ
CABI CPC,DIDYBR-1,DIDYBR-2,
Seed treatment with fungicides has shown to be effective. D. bryoniae can survive on seeds, weeds, and plant debris from previously infected cucurbit crops. It is recommended to use only disease-free seed, and evaluate seed production through field inspections.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
International Seed Federation Regulated Pest List Database. pestlist.worldseed.org Nyon Switzerland
Keinath, A. P. (2011). From native plants in central europe to cultivated crops worldwide: The emergence of didymella bryoniae as a cucurbit pathogen. HortScience, 46(4), 532–535. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.4.532
Farr, DF and Rossman AY 2015. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
El-Wakil, A.-F., Khalil, A., & El -Abbasi, I. (2017). Factors promoting pycnidia production of didymella bryoniae, the causal of gummy stem blight in cucurbits. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 45(1), 173–187. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2017.89736
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Protection Service National Seed Health System (USDA-APHIS NSHS) www.seedhealth.org
Miller SA, Rowe CR, Riedel MR, 2001. The Ohio State University Gummy Stem Blight and Black Rot of Cucurbits HYG-3126-96.
Hopkins, D. L., Thompson, C. M., Hilgren, J., & Lovic, B. (2003). Wet seed treatment with peroxyacetic acid for the control of bacterial fruit blotch and other seedborne diseases of watermelon. Plant Disease, 87(12), 1495–1499. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1495
Erwinia tracheiphila
bacterium
Bacillus tracheiphilus, Bacillus tracheiphilus f.sp. cucumis,Bacterium tracheiphilum, Erwinia amylovora var. tracheiphila
Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Asia, Lithuania, Canada,
AL, NM
Nepal
2023-09-11 22:09:57
There are no records of E. tracheiphila being seed- or pollen-borne, nor is it known to be spread in soil, water, or by wind. The bacteria is dependent on the striped cucumber beetle Acalymma vittata and the spotted cucumber beetle Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi for dispersal. (CABI)
cucurbit spp.
No
CABI CPC,ERWITR-2,ERWITR-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
CABI CPC,ERWITR-2,ERWITR-3,
CABI CPC,ERWITR-4,
Management of the disease relies on controlling two vector species. Insecticide applications have proven to be effective in reducing cucumber beetles as well as using a Permiter Trap Crop (PTC) or border crops to intercept pests. Aggressively controlling beetles in early-planted crops can help late-plantings.
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Sanogo, S., Etarock, B. F., & Clary, M. (2011). First report of bacterial wilt caused by erwinia tracheiphila on pumpkin and watermelon in new mexico. Plant Disease, 95(12), 1583–1583. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0507
Olawole, O. I., Gleason, M. L., & Beattie, G. A. (2022). Expression and functional analysis of the type iii secretion system effector repertoire of the xylem pathogen erwinia tracheiphila on cucurbits. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 35(9), 768–778. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0002-r
Rojas, E., Batzer, J. C., Beattie, G. A., Fleischer, S. J., Shapiro, L. R., Williams, M. A., Bessin, R., Bruton, B. D., Boucher, T., Jesse, L. H., & Gleason, M. L. (2015). Bacterial wilt of cucurbits: Resurrecting a classic pathosystem. Plant Disease, 99(5), 564–574. Retrieved September, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1068-fe
Melon rugose mosaic virus
virus
Tymovirus melonis
Asia: Sudan, Yemen
n/a
0000-00-00 00:00:00
Only one reference was found, which advises seed transmission occurred in experiments through mechanical inoculation. No other references note seed is a pathway for MRMV00.
melon
No
MRMV00-1
Watermelon can be a host of MRV00, however, no references found indicating seed as a pathway.
MRMV00-1
Mahgoub, H. A., Wipf-Scheibel, C., Delécolle, B., Pitrat, M., Dafalla, G., & Lecoq, H. (1997). Melon rugose mosaic virus: Characterization of an isolate from sudan and seed transmission in melon. Plant Disease, 81(6), 656–660. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.656
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