Poaceae family
grasses
17 Related Pests
Setophoma terrestris
fungus
Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Phoma terrestris
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2021-04-22 16:18:49
Ubiquitous soil fungus. Often a secondary invader of plant roots when weakened by other pathogens.
Wide host range, though only producing symptoms and disease on onion, corn and rice.
No
PYRETE-2,
Though this fungus has been found on many Poaceae grasses species, seed is not known to be a pathway. Since the pathogen is a ubiquitous soil fungi it is often isolated from plants weakened by other primary pathogens.
PYRETE-2,
Farr, D.F. and Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. 2017, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Fusarium poae
fungus
Fusarium sporotrichiella, Fusarium sporotrichiella var. poae, Fusarium tricinctum f.sp. poae, Sporotrichum poae, Sporotrichum anthophilum.
Worldwide in temperate regions
Widespread, primarily in northern states
Korea
2022-04-06 18:21:35
One of many Fusarium spp. isolated from grains and grasses in temperate regions of the world.
pea, grains, corn, grasses. Reported on several vegetables under some conditions. Vegetables are not listed below as the fungus is primarily opportunistic and secondary.
No
ARS GRIN,RICH ISTA,
Pathway not proven. Though Fusarium poae is one of many species of fusaria reported on grasses and if seed is not properly handled, conditioned and stored, conidia may be found on seeds. The fungus is commonly soil borne and there were no references found indicating that seed is an important means of spread.
ARS GRIN,RICH ISTA,
Common seed production practices, careful harvest, seed cleaning, conditioning, seed treatment and proper storage should decrease any risk from this pathogen.
Sclerotinia homoeocarpa
fungus
Worldwide, temperate regions, China, Canada, Italy, Norway, UK, Sweden, Australia, Korea, New Zealand, Argentina
Widespread, temperate regions.
Korea
2021-04-22 16:12:21
This pathogen has been reported in Korea, The pathogen is found in most turf grasses in US
Poaceae grasses
No
SCLHO-2
No references found indicating seed is a pathway for this pathogen. Pathogen is found in grass thatch in soil.
SCLHO-2
Allen, T.W., Martinez-Espinoza, A., and Burpee, LL. 2005. Dollar spot of turfgrass. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2005-0217-02. Updated 2016
Cochliobolus cynodontis
fungus
Bipolaris cynodontis, Drechslera cynodontis, Helminthsporuim cynodontis
Worldwide,primarily in the tropics of Asia, Africa, Oceania.
Primarily in the SE.
Korea
2022-11-11 18:56:10
All reports of US presence from 1950-60s. CABI, 2019 does not consider the pathogen to be in the US. Pathogen does not cause serious disease or losses on any host. Also, it is often a secondary invader. (Farr and Rossman, 2019; Manamgoda, 2014)
grains, grasses
No
COCHCY-2,COCHCY-3,COCHCY-4,
Pathway not proven. Kim, et.al. (COCHCY-4) reported seed transmission in Coix lachryma-jobi. No references indicating seed is a pathway for other Poaceae grasses. Pathogen does not cause serious disease or losses on any host. Also often a secondary invader. Occasional leaf spotting on bermuda grass is found.
COCHCY-2,COCHCY-3,COCHCY-4,
Farr, D.F. and Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. 2019, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Manamgoda, D.S., Rossman, A.Y., Castlebury, L.A., Crous, P.W., Madrid, H., Chukeatirote, E., and Hyde, K.D. 2014. The genus Bipolaris. Stud. Mycol. 79: 221-288.
Kim JS and Duhyung L., 2014. Seed transmission of Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata causing leaf blight of Job's tears. Korean Journ. of Plant Path.14:287-293
Heterodera zeae
nematode
Primarily Asia, also reported in Egypt, Portugal, Greece
MD, VA, PA
Korea
2021-04-20 19:15:03
Cyst nematodes are root pathogens, Cyst nematode primarily move through flooding water and drainage. Movement of infected material and soil also important. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
Primarily corn, but reported on grains and grasses
No
HETDZE-1,
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Poaceae grasses are minor hosts of this nematode.
HETDZE-1,
Heterodora zeae In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Fusarium culmorum
fungus
Fusarium culmorum f. 1, Fusarium culmorum var. leteius, Fusarium culmorum var. majus, Fusarium roseum, Fusarium roseum cv. culmorum, Fusarium roseum f.sp. cerealis cv. culmorum, Fusisporium culmorum
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-11-22 19:13:51
A common soil inhabitant and strong sapropic ability on many crops. Usually causing disease problems on grains and grasses, especially with other pathogenic diseases or in saturated soils. Also produces mycotoxins.
Primarily grains and grasses. Reported on a wide range of hosts, but usually as a probable saprophyte. Only primary hosts listed below.
No
FUSACU-8,FUSACU-11,FUSACU-3,
Pathway not proven. FUSACU-8 identified Fusarium culmorum on several grass seed species, these were found only in laboratory seed quality tests and no evidence was presented that the fungi were seed transmitted. More recent studies have been less conclusive about seed as a pathway in grass species.
FUSACU-8,FUSACU-11,FUSACU-3,
Blotter germination.
FUSACU-5,FUSACU-8,
Fusarium found on standard germination testing conditions. No seed health test found or validated.
Crosier W and Weimer D. 1939. Some Fungi Associated with Grass Seed. Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts of North America 31:120-124
Inch S, and Gilbert J. 2003. The incidence of Fusarium species recovered
from inflorescences of wild grasses in southern
Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 25: 379–383
Richardson MJ, 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Disease. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland
Limonard, T. (1966). A modified blotter test for seed health. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 72, 319–321.
Heterodera avenae
nematode
Bidera avenae, Bidera ustinovi, Heterodera major, Heterodera schachtii,Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera ustinovi
Worldwide
ID, OH, OR, WA
Korea
2021-04-20 19:08:49
Seed is not known to be a pathway for cyst nematodes (eelworms). Active dispersal is limited. Nematodes move through soil water matrix slowly.
grains, grasses, corn
No
HETDMA-1,
Seed is not a pathway for cyst nematodes. Poaceae grasses are not common hosts for this nematode.
HETDMA-1,
Heterodora avenae In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Curvularia tsudae
fungus
Cochliobolus australiensis, Pseudocochliobolus australiensis
Asia, Africa, Australia
Not known to occur
Korea
2021-04-13 17:57:45
Often confused with Curvularia australiensis, another leaf blight of grass that occurs in Asia, Africa and Australia. Also not known to occur in the US (ARS GRIN)
poaceae grasses, barley, rice, corn
No
No references found indicating that seed is a pathwa . The similar pathogen, Curvularia australiensis, however, has been reported seed borne in some hosts, primarily wheat. (CABI CPC).
Blotter incubation has been used for Curvularia australiensis testing
Dithane or metalaxyl + mancozeb are both effective fungicides at suppressing Curvularia australiensis on wheat seed
Cochliobolus ravenelii
fungus
Bipolaris ravenelii, Drechslera ravenelii, Helminthosporium hoffmanii, Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium tonkinense, Helmithosporium ravenelii, Heterosporium callospermum, Napicaladium ravenelii, Napicladium ravenelii
Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Southeast US, HI
Thailand
2021-04-06 18:01:46
Information from Farr and Rossman (COCHRA-1). Plant debris is the most common source of inoculum (COCHRA-2)
Primarily poaceae grasses, especially Strobolus spp.
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Chloris striate mosaic virus
virus
Chloris striate mosaic monogeminivirus, Chloris striate mosaic geminivirus, Chloris striate mosaic intergeminivirus, Wheat (Australian) striate mosaic virus
Australia
Not known to occur
Thailand
2021-04-08 16:24:28
Leafhoppoer transmission only. No evidence that seed is a pathway for this virus.
poaceae grasses, wheat, oat, barley, corn
No
CSMV00-1,
No evidence that seed is a pathway.
CSMV00-1,
Franki and Hatta, 1980. Chloris striate mosaic virus Datasheet 221. Description of Plant Viruses; www.dvpweb.net.
Meloidogyne naasi
nematode
Libya, Iran, Belgium, Czechia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, England, Wales, Canada, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile
CA, IL, KS, KY, MD, MI, NV, NC, OR, SC, UT, WA
Korea
2023-08-21 16:19:50
Seed is not known to be a pathway for Meloidogyne spp. root knot nematodes (MELGNA-2)
barley, wheat, rice, oat, rye, sorghum, grasses
No
MELGNA-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for Meloidogyne spp. root knot nematodes
MELGNA-2,
Lammers, W., Karssen, G., Jellema, P., Baker, R., Hockland, S., Fleming, C. and Turner, S. (2006). Meloidogyne minor Pest Risk Assessment. 08-14648 PPM Point 7.3. Plant Protection Services (NL) and Central Science Laboratory (UK). 52pp. (https://www.eppo.int...)
Meloidogyne chitwoodi
nematode
Mozambique, South Africa, Belgium, Turkey, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Canada, Mexico, Argentina
CA, CO, ID, NV, MN, OR, WA, TX, UT, VA, WY
Korea
2021-04-26 18:30:50
Seed is not known to be a pathway for Meloidogyne spp. root knot nematodes (MELGCH-2)
potato primarily, alfalfa, carrot, tomato, Poeaceae grasses. In greenhouse studies: pea, corn, wheat, barley, oat and sugarbeet.
No
MELGCH-1,MELGCH-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
MELGCH-1,MELGCH-2,
Meloidogyne chitwoodii. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Lammers, W., Karssen, G., Jellema, P., Baker, R., Hockland, S., Fleming, C. and Turner, S. (2006). Meloidogyne minor Pest Risk Assessment. 08-14648 PPM Point 7.3. Plant Protection Services (NL) and Central Science Laboratory (UK). 52pp. (https://www.eppo.int...)
Laetisaria fuciformis
fungus
Hypochnus fuciformis, Isaria fuciformis, Phanerochaete fuciformis, Corticium fuciforme
France, Netherlands, UK, Chie, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, China, Sri Lanka
RI, MS, OR, CA, WA, NC, VA
Korea
2021-04-20 19:41:03
Distribution information from ARS GRIN
Poaceae grasses
No
LAESFU-3,
No references found indicating that seed is a pathway. Reference listed indicated that seed of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) may be a pathway, but references to the research were not found and research was not presented the listed references.
LAESFU-3,
Smiley RW, Dernoeden PH and Clarke BB. 2005 Red Thread. In, Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases, 3rd. ed. Smiley RW, Dernoeden PH and Clarke BB, eds. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.
Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides
fungus
Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides, Trematosphaeria herpotrichoides, Leptosphaeria sparsa
Canada, Finland, Scotland, Italy, Greenland, England, Pakistan, Switzerland, France, USSR, Norway, Austria, Sweden, Germany, Uzbekistan, Poland, Portugal, Australia
OK, VA, CA, IL, ND, WA, MN
Korea
2021-04-13 17:27:15
Information from ARS GRIN. Primarily found in cool climates in the Northern Hemisphere. Primarily overwinters in field debris (LEPTHE-2
wheat, rye, Poaceae grasses
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Setosphaeria rostrata
fungus
Exserohilum rostratum, Helminthosporium rostratum, Bipolaris rostrata, Drechslera rostrata, Exserohilum antillanum, Exserohilum gedarefense, Variant spelling Exserohilum gedarefensis, Helminthosporium halodes, Bipolaris halodes, Exserohilum halodes, Drechslera halodes, Helminthosporium halodes var. elaeicola, Helminthosporium halodes var. tritici, Helminthosporium leptochloae, Helminthosporium longirostratum, Exserohilum longirostratum, Exserohilum macginnisii, Setosphaeria prolata, Exserohilum prolatum, Drechslera prolata
Worldwide
Widespread, especially east of the Continental Divide
Korea
2023-08-21 16:54:40
Primarily grasses and grains, reported on other over 200 plant species, including several vegetable crops, but these seem to be experimental curiosity or occasional findings that are not confirmed. Only important grains listed below
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
Gloeotinia temulenta
fungus
Gloeotinia granigena, Phialea temulenta, Ciboria temulenta, Sclerotinia temulenta, Stromatinia temulenta, Hymenoscyphus temulentus, Phialia mucosa, Sclerotinia secalincola, Endoconidium temulentum
Europe, Canada, Ireland, Russia, Australia, New Zealand
OR
Korea
2021-04-20 18:52:12
This pathogen only affects seed (Alderman, 2001 and Hardison, 1949).
Poaceae grasses, primarily ryegrasses, rye, barley
Yes
GLOTTE-3,
Seed pathway well established and accepted.
GLOTTE-3,
Seed soak and visual examination
GLOTTE-7,
This test has not been validated or standardized.
Alderman, SC. 2001. Blind Seed Disease. USDA, ARS Miscellaneous Publication Number 1567.
Fribourg, H. A., D. B. Hannaway, and C. P. West (ed.) 2009. Tall Fescue for the Twenty-first Century. Agron. Monog. 53. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. 540 pp. Also (http://forages.oregonstate.edu/tallfescuemonograph).
Wheat dwarf virus
virus
Wheat dwarf mosaic virus
Tunisia, Zambia, China, Iran, Syria, Turkey, Europe
Not known to occur
Korea
2022-10-09 00:10:18
Transmitted by leafhoppers. Not seed transmitted.
wheat, barley, rye, Poaceae grasses
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Not known to be seed transmitted.
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