Gossypium spp.
cotton
11 Related Pests
Ralstonia solanacearum
bacterium
Too many to list, see CABI CPC for a complete list
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-08-30 17:40:04
Most important economic crop is potato. Host range is extremely wide.
No
RLSTSO-1,
Cotton is not considered an important host of the pathogen. Seed is not known to be a pathway.
RLSTSO-1,
Ralstonia solanacearum In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Verticillium nigrescens
fungus
China, Japan, Canada, Italy, Australia, New Zealand. (Most likely a worldwide saprophyte.)
GA, MS, MO
Brazil
2022-10-09 00:10:34
Not considered a highly virulent fungal pathogen. Often found as a saprophyte or weakly pathogenic at most. This fungus should not be regulated on seed.
Soybean and cotton are main hosts, but even on these hosts it is a weak pathogen. Has been isolated from other hosts, though primarily as a saprophyte or weakly pathogenic
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. Not considered an important pathogen for this crop. Often saprophytic or weakly pathogenic at most.
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11 18:36:13
Prevalent in China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
No
VERTDA-14,VERTDA-17,
Pathway not proven. Several reports of isolation of the pathogen from de-linted cotton seed have been reported, but evidence supporting seed as a pathway is limited. Seed as a pathway is not considered an important means of dispersal.
VERTDA-14,VERTDA-17,
Fungicides carbendazim or ethylene thiosulphonate have been used for general fungus control. Â Acid De-linting also for general fungus control
VERTDA-21,
Resistant varieties common
Sackston WE, 1983. Epidemiology and control of seed-borne Verticillium spp. causing vascular wilt. Seed Science and Technology, 11:731-747.
Evans G, Wilhelm S, Snyder WC, 1966. Dissemination of the verticillium wilt fungus with cotton seed. Phytopathology, 56:460-461.
Shen CY, 1985. Integrated management of Fusarium and Verticillium wilts of cotton in China. Crop Protection, 4:337-345.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
virus
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21 17:00:09
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
Wide host range. Over 800 plant species are known hosts. Primarily ornamentals,flowers. No evidence that small grains or corn are hosts.
No
TSWV00-1,TSWV00-3,
Seed is not a pathway for Tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus
TSWV00-1,TSWV00-3,
Cotton leaf crumple virus
virus
Cotton leaf crumple bigeminivirus
India, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Mexico, Guatemala
AZ, CA, TX
China
2022-02-08 21:57:57
Seed is not known to be a pathway fo geminiviruses
cotton, bean
No
CLCRV0-3,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this virus
CLCRV0-3,
Brown JK, Nelson MR, 1987. Host range and vector relationships of cotton leaf crumple virus. Plant Disease, 71(6):522-524
Cotton leaf curl virus
virus
Cotton leaf curl bigeminivirus, Cotton leaf curl geminivirus
India, Africa
Not known to occur
China
2022-02-08 22:02:55
Not known to be seed transmitted (VIDE PVO)
cotton
No
CLCuV-1,CLCuV-2
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Whitefly transmitted only.
CLCuV-1,CLCuV-2
Cotton Leaf Curl Virus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Raj SK, Khan MS, Snehi SK, Srivastava S, Singh HB, 2006. A yellow mosaic disease of soybean in northern India is caused by Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus. Plant Disease, 90:975.
Phytophthora boehmeriae
fungus
Boll rot of cotton
China, India, Japan, Greece, South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Brazil
Not known to occur
Thailand
2022-12-01 19:22:50
cotton, ramie
No
PHYTBM-1,PHYTBM-2,PHYTBM-3,PHYTBM-4,
Pathway not proven. All the references above found evidence of P. boehmeriae in seeds from infected cotton bolls. However, only one (PHYTBM-4) reported possible seed transmission. Evidence is still unclear as to the importance of seed as a pathway.
PHYTBM-1,PHYTBM-2,PHYTBM-3,PHYTBM-4,
Seed wash and visual examination, Seed wash and culture plating
PHYTBM-1,
These tests were used in research and have not been validated or standardized.
Hot water treatment
PHYTBM-1,
Phytophthora boehmeriae. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Zhang XZ, Ling PL, Ma P and Chen XH, 1995. Studies on cotton seed-born pathogen of Phytophthora boll rot and its lethal temperature. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 22:67-69
Ma P and Shen CY, 1994. Studies on the relationship between Phytophthora sp. caused seedling blight and boll blight of cotton. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 21:220
Zheng XB, Lu JY, He H, Wang TL and Wang HY, 1992. Oospores of Phytophthora boehmeriae overwintered in soil as an infection source of cotton boll rot disease. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 19:251-256
Pratylenchus brachyurus
nematode
Anguillulina brachyura, Pratylenchus leiocephalus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus steineri, Tylenchus brachyurus
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-06-28 18:00:54
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Common in tropics (PRATBR-1)
Wide host range
No
PRATBR-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway for this nematode in any host.
PRATBR-2,
Pratylenchus brachyurus. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Botryosphaeria spp.
fungus
Neofusicoccum spp.
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2021-04-01 17:18:57
Includes all species of Botryosphaeria, except B. zeae. See Botryosphaeria zeae.
This genera of fungus primarily pathogens of trees, shrubs, woody ornamentals, fruit trees. Two species reported on cotton.
No
ARS GRIN,
No references found indicating seed is a pathway for the B. ribis and B. dothedia, the two species associated with cotton. Appears to be a minor pest of cotton (Bagga.1970).
ARS GRIN,
Farr, DF and Rossman AY 2015. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Boeremia exigua var. exigua
fungus
Phoma exigua, Phoma exigua var. exigua, many others
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2021-04-01 18:54:01
This pathogen has been reported in Korea under other synonyms. This is an ubiquitous soil fungi affecting many crops. Weak pathogen. Common bean and possible sugarcane only hosts shown where seed may be a pathway. Only important vegetable and grain crops listed below.
Wide host range
No
PHOMHE-2,RICH ISTA,
No references found indicating seed is a pathway. A weak pathogen but widespread in soils throughout the world. Richardson (RICH ISTA) does not list this pathogen as seed borne.
PHOMHE-2,RICH ISTA,
Alternaria alternata
fungus
Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria tenuissima, many others
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2022-09-13 19:18:44
Korea listed this pathogen as Alternaria spp. A. alternata, A. tenuis and A. tenuissima have all been reported in Korea. A. alternata has often been found on seed in laboratory testing. There is little evidence of seed transmission. This fungus is ubiquitous and often of minor importance in its hosts.
Wide host range
No
ALTEAL-17,ALTEAL-18,ALTEAL-19,
Pathway not proven. A. alternata is a weak pathogen of cotton and has been found on cotton seed, in laboratory surveys and seed quality may be affected by toxins produced. However, no references were found indicating seed transmission.
ALTEAL-17,ALTEAL-18,ALTEAL-19,
Culture plating
ALTEAL-18,
Culture plating was used in surveys. This method has not been standardized or validated.
ALTEAL-1,
Seed treatments affective against A. alternata have been described for other hosts.
Bell AA and Medrano EG. 2004. Frequency and Pathogenicity of Microorganisms Associted with Cotton Seed Rot in South Carolina. 2004 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonio TX. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/11975/PDF
Rathod SR and Chaven AM. 2010. Incidence of Alternaria Species on Different Cereals, Pulses and Oil Seeds. Journ. of Ecobiotech 2:63-65
Rathod, SR.2012. Seed Borne Alternaria species: A Review. Curretn Botany 3:21-23
Alternaria alternata. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
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