Raphanus sativus
radish
11 Related Pests
Tobacco streak virus
virus
Annulus orae, Asparagus stunt virus, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Micotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus vulaerans, Tobacoo streak ilarvirus, Tracttus orea
Worldwide
CA, CO, FL ID IA, KT, MA, MI, MN, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, WA, WI
Korea, Thailand
2022-11-04 18:19:53
Requires thrips to transmit from plant to plant.
Extensive host range includes many weeds, fruit and ornamental plant species. Over 70 species reported as hosts. The vegetables and agronomic crops listed below are important hosts of Tobacco streak virus
No
TSV000-1,TSV000-4,
Seed transmission has been reported in a wild radish Raphanus raphanistram, but is not known to occur in Raphanus sativus.
TSV000-1,TSV000-4,
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris
phytoplasma
Worldwide
Widespread
2021-11-15 19:27:42
AY phytoplasmas are not seed transmissable and seed is not a pathway in any host.
Wide host range, primarily herbaceous dicots, though strains infect monocots and woody ornamentals
No
PHY01-1,PHY01-2
Seed is not a pathway for AY phytoplasmas
PHY01-1,PHY01-2
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
bacterium
Bacterium maccullochianum,
Bacterium maculicola,
Bacterium maculicola var. japonicum, Phytomonas maculicola,
Pseudomonas maculicola,
Pseudomonas maculicola
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2021-04-26 21:08:56
There is no evidence that seed is a pathway for this pathogen.
Brassicaceae family
No
PSDMMC-1,PSDMMC-2,
Seed is not known to be a pathway.
PSDMMC-1,PSDMMC-2,
Colletotrichum higginsianum
fungus
Worldwide
Not widespread. Primarily in the SE.
Brazil
2023-04-10 21:49:46
Primarily reported in Asian countries
Brassicaceae family
No
RICH ISTA,COLLHG-3,
Pathway not proven. Seed as a pathway has been cited in several diagnostic books or technical bulletins. Only one paper from 1950 is used to cite seed as a possible pathway. No other references have been found.
RICH ISTA,COLLHG-3,
Blotter or Freezing blotter
COLLHG-5,
Reference lists above methods for seed health testing. No efficacy data presented. Tests have not been validated or standardized.
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich Switzerland.
Scheffer., 1950. Anthracnose Leafspot of Crucifers. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.
Mathur, S.B. and Kongsdal, O. (2003). Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. First Edition. International Seed Testing Association: Bassersdorf, Switzerland
Leptosphaeria maculans
fungus
Phoma brassicae, Phoma lingam, Phoma
oleracea, Phoma napobrassicae, Phyllosticta brassicae, Phyllosticta napi Sacc., Plenodomus lingam,
Pleospora maculans, Sphaeria lingam, Sphaeria
maculans
Worldwide
Widespread
China, Korea
2022-03-22 18:18:43
Seed transmission of this pathogen is well established and accepted by the seed industry. This pathogen has been reported in China and Korea (ARS GRIN)
Restricted to Brassicaceae
Yes
LEPYMA-2,
Seed transmission of this pathogen is well established and accepted by the seed industry
Blotter paper is the standard method of the NSHS
LEPYMA-2,
Blotter paper
LEPYMA-4,LEPYMA-5,
This test has been validated by the ISTA and NSHS
Yes, The most effective product now is Coronet by BSAF. Mertect and Iprodione
The most effective products on the market are Coronet. Mertect and Iprodione. (Seed treatment information from manufacture labels and seed industry practices.)
Jacobsen BJ, Williams PH, 1971. Histology and control of Brassica oleracea seed infection by Phoma lingam. Plant Disease Rprt 55:934-938.
Seed Health Testing Method for Phoma lingum Br 2.1 National Seed Health System. http://www.seedhealth.org
Detection of Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica sp. Seed. 2016 International Seed Testing Association. Seed Health Test Methods 2016. www.seedtest.org
Verticillium dahliae
fungus
Verticillium ovatum, Verticillium trachiephilum
Worldwide
Widespread
China
2022-11-11 18:36:13
Prevalent in China
Wide host range (ornamentals, vegetables, agronomic). Isolated from some small grains but not pathogenic on small grains
No
VERTDA-16,
Verticillium dahliae has been reported on radish, but is not an important host. No references found indicating seed is a pathway.
VERTDA-16,
Richardson, MJ. 1990. An Annotated List of Seedborne Diseases. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland.
Streptomyces scabiei, Streptomyces ipomoceae, Streptomyces acidiscabies, Streptomyces stelliscabiei
bacterium
Streptomyces scabiei is worldwide, other Streptomycese spp. are more localized.
Streptomyces cabiei is widespread in the United States, other Streptomyces spp. are more localized.
Sudan
2022-09-13 18:33:51
There are many beneficial Streptomyces spp. that suppress pathogens or enhance nodulation in alfalfa. There are no known Streptomyces pathogens of alfalfa. No reports of any Streptomyces in Sudan
Streptomyces scabiei is primarily a pest of potato, but is found on other root crops such as carrot, parsnip, radish and beet. Streptomyces ipoomceae is a pathogen of sweet potato, only. Streptomyces acidiscabies and Streptomyces stelliscabiei are pests of potato only. There are no known Streptomyces pathogens of alfalfa. Only hosts of Streptomyces scabiei reported below.
No
CABI CPC,
Seed is not known to be a pathway. Radish is a minor host of this pathogen.
CABI CPC,
Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
Pleospora herbarum
fungus
Too many to list, most commonly used names include Alternaria putrefaciens, Clasterosporium putrefaciens, Sporidesmium putrefaciens, Stemphyllium botryosum, Stemphylium herbarum.
Worldwide
Widespread
2023-08-21 16:43:10
Primarily a post harvest pathogen
Wide host range
No
No references found indicating seed is a pathway
Stemphylium vesicarium
fungus
Pleospora alli, Helminthosporium vesicarium, Macrosporium alliorum, Mystrosporium alliorum, Macrosporium parasiticum, Stemphylium parasiticum
Worldwide
CA, FL, MI, NY, TX, WA
2021-04-27 18:09:21
Ascospores (P. allii) and conidia (S. vesicarium) are mainly air-dispersed. This pathogen is often referred to as Pleospora alli in the literature
onion, leek, alfalfa, wheat, sunflower, pea, radish, tomato, parsley
No
PLEOAL-3,
Pathway not proven. Isolated from sprout radish seed. No references found indicating seed for planting is a pathway.
PLEOAL-3,
Blotter incubation
PLEOAL-3,
This test has not been standardized or validated for planting seed.
A. Belisario, S. Vitale, and L. Luongo 2008, First Report of Stemphylium vesicarium as Causal Agent of Wilting and Root Rotting of Radish Sprouts in Italy. Plant Disease 92: 651
Beet western yellows virus
virus
Brassica virus 5, Malva yellows virus, Radish yellows virus, Turnip mild yellows virus, Turnip yellows virus
Worldwide
CA, OR, WA
Korea
2021-04-01 18:43:54
Primarily in CA, OR, WA, but probably widespread. Luteovirus, phloem limited viruses are not typically seed transmitted.
Wide host range. Important crop species listed below
No
BWYV00-1,DVP WEB,
Seed is not known to be a pathway in any host of Beet western yellow virus.
BWYV00-1,DVP WEB,
Alternaria japonica
fungus
Alternaria raphani. Alternaria brassicae var. macrospora,Alternaria matthiolae
Worldwide
Widespread
Korea
2021-03-29 16:26:13
Korea lists this pathogen as Alternaria spp. This pathogen has been reported in Korea.
brassicas, radish, rapeseed
Yes
ALTERP-2,ALTERP-5,ALTERP-7,
Seed as a pathway is established and accepted.
ALTERP-2,ALTERP-5,ALTERP-7,
Blotter incubation, culture plating
ALTERP-1,
CABI describes the above methods for this pathogen, though these methods were primarily used on radish and chinese cabbage. Commercial testing is available though none of these methods have been standardized or validated.
Seed treatments
ALTERP-1,ALTERP-5,
Chemical, Physical (hot water) and biological seed dressings have been described and are successful in controlling seed inoculum.
Farr, D.F., and Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. 2020, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Saharan GS, Mehta N and Meena PD. 2016. Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Holtzhausen MA and Knox-Davies PS, 1974. Pathogens of cruciferous vegetable crops in commercial seed samples in South Africa. Phytophylactica, 6:289-294
Alternaria japonica. In: Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/cpc.
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